Lecture 47/48: Avian comparative anatomy (part 2)

Question 1

Medications are excreted by ______when these drugs are injections in pelvic limbs or caudal muscle masses

Answer 1

kidneys

Question 2

what is clinically important to know when injecting medication involving the renal portal system

Answer 2

Avoid medications @ pelvic limbs which are intended to not be excreted

Medications are excreted by kidneys when these drugs are injections in pelvic limbs or caudal muscle masses

Question 3

which nerve passes dorsal to kidney tissue within ventral recess of
synsacrum

Answer 3

ischiatic nerve

Question 4

Ischiatic nerve subject to trauma & impact when _______ disease is present

EXAM*

Answer 4

kidney disease/injury

Question 5

Answer 5

ischiatic nerve

Question 6

Answer 6

Left ischiatic nerve

Question 7

what are some Venipuncture sites in a bird

**exam; clinically relevant!!

Answer 7

jugular vein
brachial vein
medial metatarsal vein
dorsal vertebral vein

Question 8

which vein is not humane to perform venipuncture on?

**exam!!

Answer 8

digital vein, via toe claw clipping

(painful & high risk of infection & contaminated blood samples)

Question 9

which jugular vein is large on a bird

Answer 9

right side (depends on species of bird)

Question 10

explain the proper technique to perform venipuncture on a bird using the brachial vein

Answer 10

minimum of 2 persons to safely restrain the avian patient

patient should NOT be restrained without protection of wing

Question 11

Answer 11

brachial vein

Question 12

T/F Avian species have NO true thoracic or abdominal cavities

Answer 12

true

Question 13

avian species have NO true thoracic or
abdominal cavities, instead they have 1 body cavity known as

***EXAM

Answer 13

coelomic cavity

Question 14

the coelomic cavity has multiple _____

Answer 14

multiple air sacs

Question 15

multiple air sacs throughout coelomic cavity. Some air sacs penetrate ____________

Answer 15

penetrate pneumatic bones, including:
proximal humeri, bilaterally

Question 16

T/F birds have a hepatic portal system and a renal portal system

Answer 16

true

Question 17

“apertura”/ apterium of a bird

Answer 17

refers to the featherless area where the jugular vein is located

Question 18

which vein is located midline & proximal to pygostyle

Answer 18

dorsal vertebral vein

Question 19

Why do we not take a blood sample at the point of the cubital joint

Answer 19

area of flexion, make hematoma worse

Question 20

T/F Birds have NO true muscular diaphragm

Answer 20

TRUE; they have horizontal septum as alternative structure

Question 21

what is located in the horizontal septum

Answer 21

multiple air sacs, positioned cranial
to caudal in coelomic cavity

Question 22

Answer 22

Question 23

Answer 23

vent is the opening to the outside after the cloaca

Question 24

what is the ventriculus lined with

Answer 24

kaolin lining (important to find parasites)

Question 25

why do some birds ingest gravel or small stones

Answer 25

some species ingest gravel or small stones to assist in grinding ingesta during digestive process

Question 26

Answer 26

Proventriculus & ventriculus (stomach)

Question 27

which order of birds have a double cecum

Answer 27

Galliformes spp

Question 28

which order of birds have NO CECUM

Answer 28

Psittacine spp.

Question 29

what is the Merkel's diverticulum

Answer 29

yolk sac remnant #6

Question 30

what is the Coprodeum

Answer 30

part of the cloacal that receives feces from gi tract

Question 31

what is the Urodeum

Answer 31

part of the cloacal that receives urates from kidneys & either eggs or sperm from reproductive tract

Question 32

what is the Proctodeum

Answer 32

common region of the cloaca

Question 33

what nasal concha do birds have in the nasal cavity

Answer 33

*dorsal concha *middle concha *ventral concha

Question 34

what is this pointing to

Answer 34

Choanal slit= split hard palate that communicates between the nasal and oral cavity **have papilla

Question 35

T/F birds dont have a larynx

Answer 35

true

Question 36

what is significant about the trachea of the bird

Answer 36

*complete tracheal rings *often possess ossified rings

Question 37

what should you never use on a bird due to their trachea this will cause damage to the mucosa and they wont be able to use the trachea

Answer 37

A CUFFED ETT

Question 38

what is the origin of sound production in birds

Answer 38

Syrinx

Question 39

identify #3

Answer 39

Syrinx

Question 40

Answer 40

Question 41

where is the syrinx located

Answer 41

at bifurcation of primary bronchi

Question 42

Avian species lack muscular diaphragm; instead Avian species posses _______

Answer 42

horizontal septum

Question 43

Answer 43

Question 44

DESCRIBE THE LOCATION/ ORIENTATION OF THE AIR SACS EXAM!!

Answer 44

most of air sacs are bilaterally symmetrical, some air sacs are single, but span across entire ceolom

Question 45

is the interclavicular air sac bilateral

Answer 45

no

Question 46

Answer 46

anterior and posterior, instead use cranial and caudal

Question 47

DONT put a IO for fluids in which bone of a bird

Answer 47

humerus; you'll drown them

Question 48

Avian Respirations: One-Way Air Flow HAVE TO KNOW

Answer 48

Question 49

Avian Respirations: One-Way Air Flow During inspiration 1 air flows to

Answer 49

caudal air sacs

Question 50

Avian Respirations: One-Way Air Flow During expiration 1 air flows to

Answer 50

through lungs

Question 51

Avian Respirations: One-Way Air Flow During inspiration 2 air flows

Answer 51

air flows to cranial air sacs

Question 52

Avian Respirations: One-Way Air Flow During expiration 2 air flows

Answer 52

air flows out trachea

Question 53

what action are they showing

Answer 53

Courtship behavior in macaroni penguing= Mutual grooming (preening)

Question 54

list the parts of the Hen” female chicken Reproductive Tract

Answer 54

*ovaries *infundibulum *magnum *uterus (shell gland) *vagina *urodeum *cloaca

Question 55

Answer 55

Question 56

Repro. Tract components of the male

Answer 56

*testes *ductus ..deferens *urodeum *cloaca *phallus

Question 57

Answer 57

Question 58

what is the phallus

Answer 58

"penis" of birds is grooved, open area in urethral region that they put in the vent of the female will have semen flow down the groove

Question 59

why can we not use penis interchangeably with phallus

Answer 59

penis= mammalian structure with enclosed urethra phallus= avian

Question 60

what is unique about the avian brain

Answer 60

Displays lissencephalia (smooth external surface)

Question 61

which brain in an avian species

Answer 61

left (smooth)

Question 62

T/F birds have terrible eyesight

Answer 62

false, great eyesight

Question 63

what is significant about the avian skeletal system regarding their eyes

Answer 63

possess scleral bones in series which overlap to form circle of bony plates

Question 64

what structure is being pointed to

Answer 64

Scleral ossicles

Question 65

what is the name of the bone surrounding the eye area

Answer 65

Owl skull: with scleral ossicles forming a ring

Question 66

what part of the avian eye supplies the nutrients to the retina

Answer 66

PECTEN (have to know how to spell, one letter off will be marked incorrect)

Question 67

is this an avian eye or mammalian eye

Answer 67

avian

Question 68

what is this

Answer 68

Ophthalmoscope exam of pecten

Question 69

Answer 69

Scanning electron microscopic image of pecten

Question 70

avian species have an __________ field of view

Answer 70

overlap of field of view

Question 71

T/F Most avian species have limited binocular vision

Answer 71

true!

Question 72

what is this

Answer 72

Californiia Condor (Gymnogyps californianus) I think I've seen this on a NAVLE prep question