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CVM: 720 Anatomy II > exam 2: GI > Flashcards

exam 2: GI Flashcards

(73 cards)

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1
Q

The primitive gut is composed of what 3 parts

A
  • Foregut
  • Midgut
  • Hindgut
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2
Q

what embryological structures/organs are associated with the foregut

A

Esophagus
Stomach
Liver
Pancreas

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3
Q

what embryological structures/organs are associated with the midgut

A

Distal part of duodenum
Jejunum
Ileon
Cecum
2/3 Colon

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4
Q

what embryological structures/organs are associated with the hindgut

A

1/3 Colon
Rectum

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5
Q

what 3 things are remnants of the ventral mesenterium

A

Lesser omentum
Liver ligaments
Falciform ligament

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6
Q

“Intrathoracic abdominal organs” project _______ in thorax

A

cranially

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7
Q

on the left side of the horse, what organs are “intrathoracic”

A

liver, stomach, spleen

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8
Q

On the right side of the horse, the liver is “intrathoracic”, what about the intestines

A

they are in the free part of the abdomen

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9
Q

what are the parts of the small intestine

A
  • Duodenum
  • Jejunum
  • Ileum
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10
Q

what are the parts of the large intestine

A
  • Cecum
  • Colon
  • Rectum
  • Anus
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11
Q

what are considered accessory organs of the abdominal GI system

A
  • Liver
  • Pancreas
  • *Spleen
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12
Q

do horses and dogs have the same GI system

A

yes!

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13
Q

How does the horse stomach differ from a dog

A

dog= physiological cardia

horse= physiological and anatomical cardia

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14
Q

T/F horses stomach is smaller than a dogs

A

true

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15
Q

why dont horses vomit

A

because of their physiological and anatomical cardia

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16
Q
A
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17
Q

what is the pylorus of the stomach

A

passageway from stomach to duodenum

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18
Q

what and where is the Saccus caecus
ventriculi

A

blind sac in the Fundus

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19
Q

is the greater omentum of a horse smaller than a dogs

A

yes, does not cover all of the organs

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20
Q
A
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21
Q
A
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22
Q

the cardias of the stomach opens directly to the _______part of the stomach

A

non-glandular part

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23
Q

what is Margo plicatus

A

fold that seperates gland and non-glandular part of the equine stomach

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24
Q

what is important to know about the Non-glandular part of the stomach that could be problematic

A

has no physiological protection, if touched by acid= ULCERS

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25
Label the GREEN arrow
stomach
26
Rapid lengthening of the midgut leads to the formation of the primitive loop that outgrows the available space in abdominal cavity and escapes through the umbilical cord into the extra-embryonic coelom this is referred to as
physiological umbilical herniation
27
The midgut loop rotates clockwise around a dorso-vental axis formed by the _________artery so that the developing gut returns to the abdominal cavity
cranial mesentery
28
The cranial portion of duodenum has a cranial duodenal ______
flexure
29
descending portion of duodenum has a relationship with the ___________
mesoduodenum
30
major duodenal papilla communicates with
bile duct and pancreatic duct
31
minor duodenal papilla communicates with
accessory pancreatic duct
32
the ascending portion of the duodenum has a ________ligament and _________ flexure
Duodenocolic ligament; Duodenojejunal flexure
33
approximately how long is the duodenum
3 ft
34
identify the red and green arrow
red: descending duodenum (not easy to reach) green: liver being reflected
35
what part of the small intestine is located Dorsal and left to the midline.
jejunum
36
what part of the small intestine communicates medially with the base of the caecum
ileum **this is different from a dog**
37
approximate length of the jejunum and ileum
69 ft (2 m)
38
39
jejunum (in the dorsal left part of the free abdomen)
40
ileal papilla
41
42
T/F At first, the position and the relationship of the different intestinal tracts are similar in all domestic species
true
43
As a general rule, carnivores intestinal tract are short and simple, whereas in the ruminant, horse, and pigs the ______________ undergo remarkable enlargments and specific positional changes
cecum and colon
44
what is the main fermentation site in horses
cecum
45
Great importance and development that is 3 ft long approx and a capacity of over 30 L (8 gal). It has a base oriented to the dorsal right side of the midline, a body in the right ventral abdomen and an apex central and ventral in the midline between the right and left ventral colon what organ
cecum
46
what part of the cecum is this: oriented to the dorsal right side of the midline
base
47
what part of the cecum is in the right ventral abdomen? what part of the cecum is central and ventral in the midline between the right and left ventral colon?
body apex
48
The longitudinal smooth muscles of the cecum forms ____________
taenias, haustras, and semilunar folds
49
what are taenias important for
movement
50
what are haustras
sacculations
51
where are the semilunar folds located
between haustras
52
cecum communicates directly with the ileum via ________ surrounded by a sphincter and the right ventral colon via ________
ileal papilla; Caecocolic orifice
53
54
55
T/F you can palpate the taenias rectally
true
56
what are the 3 parts of the colon
Ascending colon (Large Colon ), Transverse and descending colon (Small colon)
57
List the parts of the large colon
➢ Right ventral ➢ Sternal flexure ➢ Left ventral ➢ Pelvic flexure ➢ Left dorsal (smallest) ➢ Diaphragmatic flexure ➢ Right dorsal (biggest)
57
what is the biggest part of the large colon
Right dorsal
58
what tends to happen in the pelvic flexure of the large colon
entrapments, feces gets stuck because of the changing in size
59
1. dorsal right (biggest part) 2. sternal flexure 3. pelvic flexure
60
1. dorsal 2. ventral left
61
1. cecum 2. ventral right 3. dorsal right (can auscultate)
62
1. Diaphragmatic flexure 2. sternal flexure
63
what are the blue arrows pointing to
site where there is often constriction/impaction
64
descending colon
65
why can't you do abdominal palpations in large animal
Muscles are very strong (thick layer)
66
Right dorsal quadrant is dominated by sounds from the ___________
cecum
67
The technical term for a gut sound is
borborygmus
68
Abdominal auscultation quadrants: what organs are you auscultating in the RIGHT DORSAL quadrant
Caecum (Base) Mixing movements
69
Abdominal auscultation quadrants: what organs are you auscultating in the LEFT DORSAL quadrant
Small intestine (jejunum) Descending colon
70
Abdominal auscultation quadrants: what organs are you auscultating in the LEFT VENTRAL quadrant
Left ventral colon Left dorsal colon
71
Abdominal auscultation quadrants: what organs are you auscultating in the RIGHT VENTRAL quadrant
Right ventral colon Caecum (Body)
72
what is normal borborygmi rate
1-3/ minute

CVM: 720 Anatomy II (44 decks)

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