Lecture 9: head and neck myology

Question 1

What are facial muscles important for

Answer 1

Mimic musculature/ facial expressions

Question 2

List the muscles of the nose

Answer 2

➢ Apical dilatator of nostri.
➢ Lateral muscle of the nose.
➢ Medial dilatator of the nostri

Question 3

why are the muscles of the nose very important

Answer 3

b/c horses are obligate nose breathers

Question 4

List the extraorbital muscles

Answer 4

➢ Orbicular muscle of the eye.
➢ Levator of the medial angle of the eye.
➢ Malar (larger in ruminants)

Question 5

List the external muscles of the ear (that we need to know)

Answer 5

➢ Parotidoauricularis
➢ Scutularis
➢ Caudal, dorsal, rostral and Deep.

Question 6

be able to identify 1,3,4,5,6,9

Answer 6

Question 7

Why is the buccinator muscle important for horses

Answer 7

horses “suck” water and this muscle creates a negative pressure

Question 8

what muscle lets the horse flip its front lip up

Answer 8

• Levator of the superior lip (palpate)

Question 9

can you palpate the depressor of the lower lip

Answer 9

yes

Question 10

label the superficial muscles

Answer 10

Question 11

what muscle does this action

Answer 11

Levator of the superior
lip with conjoined tendon

Question 12

what muscle does this action

Answer 12

Dilatator muscles of the nostril

Question 13

list the Masticatory muscles of a horse

Answer 13

Question 14

list the masticatory muscles that close the mouth

Answer 14

temporal
lateral pterygoid
medial pterygoid

Question 15

list the masticatory muscles that open the mouth

Answer 15

digastricus ONLY

Question 16

identify the parts of the mastication muscle

Answer 16

1. deep part of masseter m
2. superficial part of masseter m

Question 17

identify Muscles of Mastication

Answer 17

Question 18

what is significant about digastricus in a horse compared to a dog

Answer 18

3 bellies; Rostral-Caudal-Occipitomandibularis

Question 19

name the Pterygoideus muscles

Answer 19

Pterygoideus (Medial – Lateral)

Question 20

Answer 20

Question 21

Answer 21

Question 22

Answer 22

Question 23

what is this showing

Answer 23

right side excursion and left side excursion

Question 24

what causes right side excursion and left side excursion

Answer 24

one side of pterygoid muscles contract (this is why condyles of mandible are elongated)

Question 25

why is excursion important

Answer 25

grinds food

Question 26

dont do #3

Answer 26

Question 27

what are the types of Neck muscles

Answer 27

Dorsal: Superficial (Extrinsic), intermediate and deep layers (Epaxial)

Question 28

what are the superficial/extrinsic muscles of the neck (5)

Answer 28

Question 29

what are the intermediate neck muscles

Answer 29

splenius m. (main thing we need to know)

Question 30

what are the deep/epaxial muscles of the neck (2)

Answer 30

Question 31

Answer 31

Question 32

location of the Sternocephalicus (sternomandibularis) **can call it either names**

Answer 32

sternum to mandible

Question 33

what is the omohyoid

Answer 33

-deep fascia of shoulder -runs to basehyoid bone (medially)

Question 34

what are the 2 parts of the Rhomboid muscle

Answer 34

cervcial and thoracic

Question 35

Answer 35

Question 36

Identify the muscles of the Deep layer

Answer 36

Question 37

Answer 37

Question 38

purpose of the Intertransversarius m.

Answer 38

fix spinal column( very short muscles)

Question 39

Answer 39

Question 40

what are the parts of the nuchal ligament

Answer 40

1. funicular 2. lamellar

Question 41

where is the funicular part of the nuchal ligament located

Answer 41

occipital bone- T1

Question 42

where is the lamellar part of the nuchal ligament located

Answer 42

fibers to attach to spinous processes of the cervical vertebra down from funicular part

Question 43

what is this showing? what are its borders?

Answer 43

injection triangle jugular groove, nuchal ligament, cranial boarder of scapula

Question 44

what muscle is the star on? what is the anatomical location that the jugular vein is in?

Answer 44

sternocephalicus m. jugular groove

Question 45

what gland is circled

Answer 45

thyroid gland

Question 46

what is the shape and location of the thyroid gland in a horse

Answer 46

* Round to oval in shape. * Between 2nd and 3rd tracheal rings. * Joined ventrally by a narrow isthmus of connective tissue.

Question 47

Parathyroid: unilateral or bilateral

Answer 47

bilateral

Question 48

location of parathyroid gland

Answer 48

* Embedded within the thyroid gland

Question 49

Can you palpate the thyroid gland in a horse

Answer 49

possibly

Question 50

label the trachea/larynx of the horse

Answer 50

Question 51

identify muscles 1-6

Answer 51

1. malar m. 2. masseter m (probably actually a little deeper--check) 3. zygomatic m. 4. canine m. 5. levator of superior lip 6. levator nasolabialis

Question 52

Name the structure the yellow arrow is pointing to

Answer 52

conjoined tendon of the levator of the superior lip

Question 53

be able to identify 10,11,15,17,18

Answer 53