exam 1: Main differences between dog and horse

Question 1

What is not on the scapula of a horse that is on a dog

Answer 1

acromion

Question 2

How many facies serrata are on a horse scapula compared to a dogs

Answer 2

horse= 2
dog= 1

Question 3

How is the humerus of a horse different from a dog (5 key things)

Answer 3

1. intermediate tubercle
2. two intertubercular grooves
3. Radial fossa NOT foramen like dog
4. sigmoid shape
5. exaggerated deltoid tuberosity

Question 4

How is the horse radius/ulna different from a dogs

Answer 4

they’r fused!

Question 5

What is significant in the horse regarding the metacarpal/metatarsal bones

Answer 5

splint bones (MC/MT 2 and 4)

Question 6

what is different of the horse deltoid compared to a dog

Answer 6

one belly; no acromial part

Question 7

what is different of the horse triceps compared to a dog

Answer 7

true 3 head muscles, dog has 4

Question 8

what is the tendinous insertion of the bicep on the extensor carpi radialis m

Answer 8

lacertus fibrosus

Question 9

what are the names of the “extra” ligaments in a horse front limb that dogs don’t have

Answer 9

proximal check ligament (SDF)
distal check ligament (DDF)

Question 10

What is significant about the bicep brachii in the horse that aids gait

Answer 10

origin tendon and bursa

Question 11

what is located between tendon of origin of bicep and intertubercular groove of humerus

Answer 11

intertubercular bursa

Question 12

what apparatus(s) is significant to the horse

Answer 12

suspensory apparatus aka suspensory ligament/interosseous muscle

stay apparatus

Question 13

what is the stay apparatus

Answer 13

group of muscles, tendons, ligaments, fascia, and joints that allows horse to maintain their standing posture for hours without loss of energy

Question 14

How is the horse sacrotuberous ligament different compared to a dog

Answer 14

dog= cord like
horse= very broad

Question 15

what is significant about a horse greater trochanter

Answer 15

divided into cranial and caudal parts

Question 16

How does the 3rd trochanter in a horse compare to a dog

Answer 16

very prominent

Question 17

does the equine long digital extensor originate at the extensor fossa of the femur and pass through the extensor groove of the tibia like in a canine

Answer 17

yes

Question 18

what is the additional muscle in a horse that originate at the extensor fossa of the femur and pass through the extensor groove of the tibia

Answer 18

fibularis terius

Question 19

what is significant about the fibula in a horse compared to a dog

Answer 19

reduced in a horse

elongate, separate bone in a dog

Question 20

what is important to know about the lateral malleolus in a horse compared to a dog

Answer 20

in a horse instead of it being the lateral malleolus of the fibula, it is of the tibia

Question 21

How are the bones of the tarsus different in a horse compared to dog

Answer 21

tarsal 1 and 2 are fused in a horse

Question 22

are metacarpal 1 or 5 important in a horse

Answer 22

no

Question 23

what digit does a horse bear weight on

Answer 23

digit 3

Question 24

what is the name of the ligament that is unique to horse that detaches from the prepubic tendon

Answer 24

accessory ligament

Question 25

purpose of accessory ligament

Answer 25

restricts movement and stabilize joint; rarely a coxal luxation

Question 26

T/F stifle joint of a horse is similar to a dog

Answer 26

true

Question 27

In the horse, how does the patella attach

Answer 27

attaches to tibial tuberosity by 3 patellar ligaments

Question 28

what structure is important for the patellar locking mechanism in a horse

Answer 28

parapatellar fibrocartilage

Question 29

In the horse the ___________ is NOT the most superficial muscle of the crus

Answer 29

cranial tibial m

Question 30

do horses have a fibularis longus

Answer 30

nope

Question 31

how does the soleus of a horse compare to the one of the dog

Answer 31

present; lot smaller contributes to the common calcanean tendon

Question 32

what is the name of the tendon related to the cranial tibial m

Answer 32

cunean tendon (medial tendon) fused to tarsal 1 and 2

Question 33

what is the tricep surae m. composed of

Answer 33

gastrocnemius and soleus m

Question 34

is there a proximal check ligament in the hindlimb of a horse

Answer 34

NO!

Question 35

what makes up the reciprocal apparatus

Answer 35

SDF and fibularis tertius

Question 36

If the stifle can be locked in extension, the hock will also lock in extension as well what is there called

Answer 36

passive stay

Question 37

is the foramen lacerum unique to the horse

Answer 37

yes, made of some of the individual foramen we saw in the dog

Question 38

What process is NOT present on the equine mandible

Answer 38

angular process

Question 39

do dogs have a manica flexoria

Answer 39

yes, we didn't focus on it. Very small compared to the horse Horse is more significant

Question 40

Why does sweeny shoulder happen in horses a lot

Answer 40

They don't have the acromion on their scapula to protect their suprascapular nerve like a dog does-- also a lot stronger animal

Question 41

what does the ulnar n. divide into

Answer 41

dorsal branch lateral palmar

Question 42

what does the median n. divide into

Answer 42

lateral palmar and medial palmar

Question 43

what does the lateral palmer n. divide into

Answer 43

lateral and medial palmar metacarpal

Question 44

what are the arteries of the forelimb in order from axillary down to our palmar digital arteries

Answer 44

axillary--brachial--median--medial palmar-- lateral and medial palmar digital

Question 45

main blood supply of forelimb is from what artery

Answer 45

MEDIAN A.

Question 46

what does the radial artery divide into

Answer 46

medial and lateral palmar metacarpal AND lateral palmar

Question 47

what does the sciatic n. divide into

Answer 47

tibial and common fibularis

Question 48

what does the fibular n. divide into

Answer 48

deep fibular and superfical fibular

Question 49

what does the deep fibular n. divide into

Answer 49

lateral and medial dorsal metatarsal

Question 50

what does the tibial n divide into

Answer 50

caudal cutaneous sural lateral plantar medial plantar

Question 51

what does the lateral plantar n. divide into

Answer 51

deep branch which then splits into lateral and medial plantar metatarsal

Question 52

what is the ONLY muscle that opens the mandible

Answer 52

DIGASTRICUS M

Question 53

T/F the masseter muscles are significantly larger in a horse compared to a dog

Answer 53

true (i know this is obvious, this is a break for your brain)

Question 54

what difference is important to note about the digastricus in a horse compared to a dog

Answer 54

3 bellies; rostral-caudal- occipitomandibularis

Question 55

what do the ptyergoid muscles specifically aid with in a horse

Answer 55

right and left excursion for grinding of food

Question 56

How many vertebrae are in horse compared to a dog

Answer 56

18 +/- 1

Question 57

T/F the equine thorax is the longest/largest of domestic animals

Answer 57

true

Question 58

do dogs have a lateral vertebral foramen on their vertebrae

Answer 58

nope

Question 59

T/F the spinous process of a horse vertebrae are the same as a dog

Answer 59

false; longer

Question 60

T/F horses have floating ribs

Answer 60

false

Question 61

what ribs are sternal vs. asternal in a horse

Answer 61

1-8= sternal 9-18= asternal

Question 62

what is significant about the horse sternum compared to the dog with regards to its shape

Answer 62

horse is a keel shape

Question 63

Is it common for the spinous processes to touch in a horse

Answer 63

yes, may happen (kissing spinous processes)

Question 64

is the nutrient foramen visible on the horse vertebrae

Answer 64

yes, bc they're so big

Question 65

What additional ligament do horses have located near the nuchal ligament that aid with weight distribution

Answer 65

dorsoscapular ligament

Question 66

where is the dorsoscapular ligament located

Answer 66

top of spinous processes towards the scapula, under the supraspinous ligament

Question 67

what is located underneath the supraspinous ligament that is not in a dog but is in a horse

Answer 67

supraspinous bursa (prevents friction but can get inflammed)

Question 68

number of lumbar vertebrae in a horse

Answer 68

usually 6, 5 have been reported in domestic horses

Question 69

what is the position of the lumbar vertebrae transverse processes in a horse compared to a dog

Answer 69

dog= cranioventral position horse= horizontal

Question 70

what is significant about the spinous processes of the sacrum in the horse

Answer 70

partially fused

Question 71

what is formed from the last rib, transverse process of lumbar vertebrae and coxal tuber

Answer 71

paralumbar fossa

Question 72

action of ulnaris lateralis

Answer 72

FLEX and abduct carpus