lecture 5 integumentary system

Question 1

-largest organ
-accounts for 7% body weight
-varies in thickness
-divided into 2 layers ;
epidermis & dermis

Answer 1

skin

Question 2

• lies deep to the dermis
• also called superficial fascia
• composed of areolar and adipose tissue
• not part of the integumentary systems, but shares skins properties
• helps insulate the body
• different distribution in males and females

Answer 2

hypodermis

Question 3

five important functions of skin

Answer 3

1. protection
2. body temperature regulation
3. excretion
4. production of vitamin D
5. Sensory reception

Question 4

cushions organs and protects from bumps, chemicals, water loss, UV radiation

Answer 4

protection

Question 5

capillary network and sweat glands regulate heat loss

Answer 5

body temperature regulation

Question 6

urea, salts, and water lost through sweat

Answer 6

excretion

Question 7

epidermal cells use UV radiation to synthesize vitamin D

Answer 7

production of vitamin D

Question 8

contains sense organs associated with nerve endings

Answer 8

sensory reception

Question 9

4 layers of epidermis

Answer 9

1. stratum basale
2. stratum spinous
3. stratum lucid
4. stratum corneum

Question 10

• deepest layer of epidermis
• attached to underlying dermis
• cells actively divide
• contains tactile epithelial cells and melanocytes

Answer 10

stratum basale

Question 11

associated with sensory nerve ending

Answer 11

tactile epithelial cells

Question 12

secrete the pigment melanin

Answer 12

melanocytes

Question 13

• occurs only in thick skin
• location of thick skin ; palms and soles
• composed of a few rows of flat, dead keratinocytes

Answer 13

stratum lucidum

Question 14

• second major region of the skin
• strong, flexible connective tissue
• richly supplied with blood vessels and nerves
• 2 layers ; papillary and reticular dermis

Answer 14

dermis

Question 15

• includes dermal papillae
• increase surface area for exchange of gases, nutrients, and wastes
• dermal papillae on dermal ridges

Answer 15

papillary dermis

Question 16

• elevations of dermal ridges
• fingerprints
• increase gripping ability of hands and feet

Answer 16

epidermal ridges

Question 17

• accounts for 80% of dermal thickness
• dense irregular connective tissue
• cleavage lines
• collagen fibers give skin strength
• flexure lines
• rich nerve supply
• 2 vascular plexuses ; dermal and sub papillary plexus
• blood vessels play important role in temperature regulation

Answer 17

reticular dermis

Question 18

separation between collagen fibers

-collagen fibers give skin strength

Answer 18

cleavage lines

Question 19

deep crease in palms, wrists, soles, fingers, and toes

Answer 19

flexure lines

Question 20

3 pigments that contribute to skin color

Answer 20

1. melanin
2. carotene
3. hemoglobin

Question 21

most important pigment ; made from tyrosine

Answer 21

melanin

Question 22

yellowish pigment from carrots and tomatoes

Answer 22

carotene

Question 23

• caucasian skin contains little melanin

- allows crimson color of blood to show through

Answer 23

hemoglobin

Question 24

• flexible strand of dead, keratinized cells
• hard keratin- tough and durable
• parts ; root and shaft

Answer 24

hair

Question 25

embedded in the skin

Answer 25

root

Question 26

projects above skins surface

Answer 26

shaft

Question 27

body hairs of women and children

Answer 27

vellus hairs

Question 28

- hair of scalp | - axillary and pubic area (at puberty)

Answer 28

terminal hairs

Question 29

- occur over entire body - except palms and soles - secrete sebum

Answer 29

sebaceous glands

Question 30

-an oily substance -simple areolar glands -holocrine secretion functions -collects dirt; softens and lubricates hair and skin

Answer 30

sebum

Question 31

entire cell breaks up to form secretion | -most associated with a hair follicle

Answer 31

holocrine secretion

Question 32

- also called "sudoriferous glands" | - widely distributed on body

Answer 32

sweat glands

Question 33

- a blood filtrate - 99% water with some salts - contains traces of metabolic wastes - about 2% urea

Answer 33

sweat

Question 34

classifications of burns

Answer 34

1. first degree burn 2. second degree burn 3. 3rd degree burn

Question 35

only upper dermis is damaged

Answer 35

first degree burn

Question 36

- upper part of dermis is also damaged - blisters appear - skin heals with little scaring

Answer 36

second degree burn

Question 37

- consumes thickness of skin | - burned area appears white, red, or blackened

Answer 37

third degree burn

Question 38

-least malignant and most common kind of cancer

Answer 38

Basal cell carcinoma

Question 39

arises from keratinocytes of stratum spinosum ; cancer

Answer 39

squamous cell carcinoma

Question 40

- a cancer of melanocytes | - the most dangerous type of skin cancer

Answer 40

melanoma

Question 41

any structure or prominence that assists in finding a structure that is not visible

Answer 41

anatomical guide

Question 42

the points at where the structure in question is accessible

Answer 42

anatomical limits

Question 43

an imaginary line drawn on the surface of the skin to represent a deeper lying structure or prominence

Answer 43

linear guide

Question 44

made up of dead keratinized cells. - hard keratin is different than soft keratin found throughout the skin. - hard keratin is tougher and doesn't flake off

Answer 44

nails

Question 45

standard sweat gland

Answer 45

eccrine glands

Question 46

axillary, anal, and genital

Answer 46

apocrine glands

Question 47

ear gland

Answer 47

ceruminous

Question 48

modified sweat glands

Answer 48

mammary glands