Respiratory System Flashcards
1
Q
Basic functions of ____
- Supplies body with oxygen
- disposes of carbon dioxide
A
Respiratory System
2
Q
4 processes involved in respiration
A
- pulmonary ventilation
- external respiration
- transport of respiratory gases
- internal respiration
3
Q
Functional anatomy of respiratory system
A
nose, nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses.
pharynx, larynx, and trachea.
bronchi and smaller branches.
lungs and alveoli
4
Q
Divisions of respiratory system.
A
- Conducting zone
2. respiratory zone
5
Q
- respiratory passageways that convey air
- filter, humidify, and warm incoming air
A
conducting zone of the respiratory system
6
Q
- site of gas exchange in the lungs
- includes structures that have alveoli
A
respiratory zone of the respiratory system
7
Q
- Provides an airway for respiration
- moistens and warms air
- filters inhaled air
- resonating chamber for speech
- houses olfactory receptors
- size variation due to differences in nasal cartilages
- skin of nose is thin and contains many sebaceous glands
A
the Nose
8
Q
- External nares- nostrils
- divided by nasal septum
- continuous with nasopharynx
A
nasal cavity
9
Q
posterior nasal apertures
A
choanae (cho-a-ne)
10
Q
two types of mucous membrane
A
- olfactory mucosa
2. respiratory mucosa
11
Q
- near roof of nasal cavity
- houses olfactory (smell) receptors
A
olfactory mucosa
12
Q
- lines nasal cavity
- epithelium is pseudo stratified ciliated columnar
A
respiratory mucosa
13
Q
3 divisions of nasal conchae
A
superior, middle and inferior nasal conchae
14
Q
-Part of the ethmoid bone
A
Superior and middle nasal conchae
15
Q
- separate bone
- projects medially from the literal wall of the nasal cavity
A
inferior nasal conchae
16
Q
- Particulate matter
- -deflected to mucus-coated surfaces
- during inhalation
- -filter, heat, and moisten incoming air
- during exhalation
- -moisture and heat are reclaimed
A
nasal conchae
17
Q
Located with;
frontal, maxillary, sphenoid, ethmoid bones.
-sinuses open into nasal cavity
A
paranasal sinuses
18
Q
-funnel shaped passageway
-connects nasal cavity and mouth
-divided into 3 sections by location:
nasopharynx, oropharynx, and laryngopharynx
-type of mucosal lining changes along its length
A
the Pharynx
19
Q
- superior to the point where food enters
- only an air passageway
- closed off during swalling
- -uvula (reflects superiorly)
- -pharyngeal tonsil (adenoids)
- -pharyngotympanic tube(auditory tube)
- tubual tonsil
A
the nasopharynx
20
Q
inferior to the nasal cavity and superior to the pharynx
A
uvula
21
Q
- located on posterior wall of the pharynx
- destroys entering pathogens
- contains opening to pharyngotympanic tube (auditory tube)
A
pharyngeal tonsil (adenoids)
22
Q
-provides some protection from infection from pharynx
A
tubal tonsil
23
Q
- Archlike entranceway - fauces
- Extends from soft palate to the epiglottis
- epithelium
- stratified squamous epithelium
A
The oropharynx
24
Q
-2 types of tonsils located in the oropharynx
A
- Palatine Tonsils
2. Lingual Tonsils
25
Located in the lateral walls of the fauces of the oropharynx
Palatine Tonsils
26
Cover the posterior surface of the tongue in the oropharynx
Lingual tonsils
27
Passageway for both food and air
- epithelium
- -stratified squamous epithelium
- Continuous with the esophagus and larynx
- Extends to inferior boundary of cricoid cartilage
The laryngopharynx
28
- Extends from the 4th to 6th cervical vertebrae
- Attaches to hyoid bone superiorly
- opens into laryngopharynx
- inferiorly is continuous with the trachea
the larynx
29
3 functions of the larynx
1. Voice production
2. Provides an open airway
3. routes air and food into the proper channels
(closed during swallowing; open during breathing)
30
9 cartilages of the larynx
1. thyroid cartilage (shield shaped, forms laryngeal prominence)
2. Arytenoid cartilage
3. corniculate cartilage
4. cuneiform cartilage
5. tracheal cartilages (4)
6. cricoid cartilage
31
- also called windpipe.
- Descends into the mediastinum
- C shaped cartilage rings keep airway open
- trachealis
The trachea
32
Located between open ends of C-shaped cartilage rings along length of posterior trachea
Trachealis
33
Marks where trachea divides into 2 primary bronchi
- epithelium
- -pseudostratified ciliated columnar
Carina of the trachea
34
- Extensively branching respiratory passageways
| - Consist of Primary and right main bronchi's
Bronchial tree
35
Largest bronchi
Primary bronchi (main bronchi)
36
Wider and shorter than the left bronchi
Right main bronchi
37
Three bronchi's on the right and two on the left
Secondary (lobar) bronchi
38
Branched bronchi's into each lung segment
Tertiary (segmental) bronchi
39
Little bronchi, less than 1 mm in diameter
Bronchioles
40
Bronchis Less than .5mm in diameter
Terminal bronchioles
41
Features of alveoli
- surrounded by elastic fibers
- interconnect by way of alveolar pores
- internal surfaces
- -a site for free movement of alveolar macrophages
The respiratory zone
42
- Apex
- Base
- Hilum
- Root
of the lungs
major landmarks of the lungs
43
superior tip of the lung
apex
44
concave inferior surface
base
45
indentation on mediastinal surface
| -is the region where blood vessels, bronchi, and nerves enter and exit the lung
Hilum
46
The structures that enter and leave the lung at the hilum
| -Blood vessels, bronchi, and nerves
Root
47
- Superior and inferior lobes
- Fissure-oblique
- Cardiac notch- the depression that accommodates the heart
Left lung anatomy
48
Superior, middle, and inferior lobes
| -Fissures-oblique and horizontal
right lung anatomy
49
-Deliever oxygen-poor blood to the lungs
Pulmonary arteries
50
Carry oxygenated blood to the heart
- innveration (supply nerves to)
- sympathetic, paras,pathetic, and visceral sensory fibers
Pulmonary veins
51
constrict airways
parasympathetic
52
dilate airways
sympathetic
53
2 phase of pulmonary ventilation
1. inspiration- inhalation
| 2. expiration- exhalation
54
- Volume of thoracic cavity increases
- Decreases internal gas pressure
- action of the diaphragm
- -diaphragm flattens
- Action of intercostal muscles
- -contraction raises the ribs
Inspiration
55
- Requires
- scalenes
- sternocleidomastoid
- pectoralis minor
- erector spinal - extends the back
Deep inspiration
56
- Quiet ____ - chiefly a passives process
- inspiratory muscles relax
- diaphragm moves superiorly
- volume of thoracic cavity decreases
- Forced _____ - an active process
- produced by contraction of
- internal and external oblique muscles
- transverses abdominis muscle
Expiration
57
- a type of allergic inflammation
- -hypersensivity to irritants in the air or to stress
- Attacks characterized by
- contraction of bronchiole smooth muscle
- secretion of mucus in airways
bronchial asthma
58
- inherited disease
- exocrine gland function is disrupted
- respiratory system affected by
- oversecretion of viscous mucus
Cystic fibrosis
59
- Airflow into and out of the lungs is difficult
- obstructive emphysema
- chronic bronchitis
- history of smoking
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
60
the physical act of breathing.
| -mostly involuntary act but can be consciously controlled.
Breathing
61
Process by which the body exchanges oxygen for carbon dioxide.
-oxygen is used during metabolism and then CD is generated.
Respiration
62
Exchange of oxygen for CO2 in the lungs at the capillary beds.
external respiration
63
oxygen is given up to cells in the body and carbon dioxide is picked up.
internal respiration
64
1. Nose
2. Pharynx
3. larynx
4. trachea
5. bronchi
6. lungs
6 distinct parts of the respiratory system
65
Holes of your nose
anterior nares
66
made up of facial and cranial bones; nasal, maxillary, ethmoid, sphenoid, and vomer bones
nasal cavity
67
nearly closed holes in the bones.
| -collectively called "paranasal sinuses"
Sinuses
68
filter, humidify and regulate the temperature of inspired air.
Mucous membranes
69
open canals connecting the pharynx to the inner ear.
eustachian tubes
70
leaf shaped structure that acts as a trapdoor to cover the larynx. forced down by the tongue swallowing
epiglottis
71
entrance to the larynx. diameter is about 1 inch.
glottis
72
pieces of cartilage that narrow the space
false vocal cords
73
bands of ligament like elastic tissue that restrict the space even more . Aid in production of sound
True vocal cords
74
the opening between the cords
rima glottis
75
attachment of the true vocal cords
Adams apple
76
inserting a breathing tube in between the cartilage rings to allow breathing through a blockage
tracheotomy
77
globe like sacs that are the site of external respiration. Looks like grapes on a vine
alveoli
78
millions of alveolar sacs held together with an epithelial membrane. Right is larger and contains 3 lobes. Left has 2 lobes and the cardiac notch.
Lungs
79
Name of the membranes that hold the shape of the lungs
pleura
80
surrounds and defines the shape of each individual lung
visceral pleura
81
surrounds the whole cavity that holds the lung
parietal pleura
82
media indentation in the left lung where the heart lies
cardiac notch
83
Disease that affect about 7% of adults and 10% of kids and is increasing in frequency. Type of allergic inflammatory response that occurs in people who are hypersensitive to irritants in the air or to stress. Constricts airways and the T-cells that arise then excrete more inflammatory chemicals that damage the mucosal lining.
Bronchial asthma
84
Cancer that begins in squamous cells, which are thin, flat cells that look like fish scales. Also called epidermoid carcinoma
Squamous cell carcinoma
85
Cancer that may begin in several types of large cells
large cell carcinoma
86
cancer that begins in the cells that line the alveoli and make substances such as mucus
adenocarcinoma
