lecture 8 appendicular skeleton Flashcards
1
Q
2 parts of the appendicular skeleton
A
- pectoral girdle
2. pelvic girdle
2
Q
- attaches the upper limbs to the trunk
- consists of clavicle and scapula
- dont encircle the body completely
- provides attachment for many muscles that move upper limb
- scapula moves freely
- clavicle articulates with axial skeleton
A
pectoral girdle
3
Q
- attaches lower limp to the trunk
- supports visceral organs
- attaches to axial skeleton by strong ligaments
- acetabulum
- consists of paired hip bones
A
pelvic girdle
4
Q
sternal end of clavicle articulates with
A
manubrium
5
Q
acromial end of clavicle articulates with the
A
scapula
6
Q
- provides attachment for muscles
- holds the scapulae and arms laterally
- transmit compression forces from the upper limbs to axial skeleton
A
clavicles
7
Q
- lie on dorsal surface of the rib cage
- located between 2-7 ribs
- 3 borders ; superior, medial, and lateral
- 3 angles ; lateral, superior, and inferior
A
scapulae
8
Q
- 30 bones from each upper limb
1. grouped into 3 sections
A
upper limbs
- arm, forearm and hand
9
Q
-region of upper limb between the shoulder and elbow
A
arm
10
Q
- only bone of the arm
- longest and strongest bone of upper limb
- articulates with scapula at the shoulder
- articulates with the radius and ulna at the elbow
A
humerus
11
Q
- formed by radius and ulna
- proximal ends articulate with the humerus
- distal ends articulate with carpals
A
forearm
12
Q
interconnects radius and ulna
A
interosseous membrane
13
Q
radius is lateral and ulna is medial
A
in anatomical position
14
Q
- main bone responsible for forming the elbow joint with the humerus
- hinge joint allows forearm to bend on arm
- plays little to no role in hand movement
A
ulna
15
Q
major landmarks of the ulna
A
- olecranon
- radial notch
- trochlear notch
- coronoid process
- ulnar styloid process
16
Q
- superior surface of the head of the radius articulates with capitulum
- medially the head of the radius articulates with the radial notch of the ulna
- contributes heavily to the wrist joint
A
radius
17
Q
major landmarks of the radius
A
radial tuberosity and radial styloid process
18
Q
bones of the hand
- wrist
- palm
- fingers
A
- carpus
- metacarpals
- phalanges
19
Q
- forms the true wrist
- proximal region of the hand
- gliding movements occur between carpals
- composed of 8 marble- sized bones
A
carpus
20
Q
8 bones of the carpus
-arranged in two irregular rows
A
Scaphoid, lunate, triquetral, pisiform, trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, and hamate
21
Q
Sally left the party to take carmen home
A
Scaphoid, lunate, triquetral, pisiform, trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, and hamate
22
Q
a deep cut that holds the head of the femur
- lower limbs have less freedom of movement
- more stable than the arm
A
acetabulum
23
Q
pelvic girdle consists of 3 separate bones
A
ilium, ischium, and pubis
24
Q
- long flaring bone
- forms the superior region of the coal bone
- site of attachment for many muscles
- articulation with the sacrum forms sacroiliac joint
A
ilium
25
- forms posteroinferior region of the coal bone
| - anteriorly joins the pubis
ischium
26
strongest part of the hip bone
ischial tuberosities
27
-forms the anterior region of the coal bone
-lies horizontally in anatomical position
-pubic symphysis
-joined by fibrocartilage in the middle
-pubic arch
angle helps distinguish male vs female
pubis
28
inferior to the pubic symphysis
pubic arch
29
bony pelvis divided into 2 regions
- false pelvis
| - true pelvis
30
bounded by ale of the iliac bones
false pelvis
31
inferior to pelvic brim
| -forms a bowl containing the pelvic organs
true pelvis
32
- delineated by pelvic brim
| - largest in diameter right to left
pelvic inlet
33
- inferior margin of true pelvis
| - largest in diameter anteroposteriorly
pelvic outlet
34
- carries the entire weight of the erect body
- bones of __ are thicker and stronger than those of upper limb
- divided into 3 segments ; thigh, leg, foot
lower limb
35
-region of lower limb between the hip and knee
thigh
36
single bone of the thigh
- longest and strongest bone of the body
- ball shaped head of the femur articulates with acetabulum
femur
37
- embedded in the tendon that secures the quadricep muscles
- protects knee anteriorly
- improves leverage of thigh muscles across knee
sesamoid bone
38
- refers to the region of the lower limb between the knee and the ankle
- composed the tibia and fibula
- interosseous membrane
leg
39
- more massive medial bone of the leg
| - receives weight of the body. from the femur
tibia
40
sticklike lateral bone of the leg
fibula
41
connects the tibia and fibula
interosseous membrane
42
tibia articulates with femur at superior end and forms
knee joint
43
tibia articulates with talus at the inferior end forms
the ankle joint
44
fibula does not contribute to the knee joint
stabilizes the ankle joint
45
- composed of tarsus, metatarsus, and phalanges
- important functions
- supports body weight
- acts as lever to propel body forward when walking
- segmentation makes foot pliable and adapted to uneven ground
the foot
46
- makes up posterior half of foot
- contains seven bones called tarsals
- body weight is borne primarily by the talus and calcaneus
tarsus
47
site of articulation with the tibia
trochlea of the talus
48
- consists of small bones (5) called metatarsals
| - first ___ supports body weight
metatarsus
49
- 14
| - similiar to structure of phalanges of fingers
phalanges of the toes
50
3 important arches of the foot
1. media longitudinal arch
2. lateral longitudinal arch
3. transverse arch
51
"keystone" bones of arches
-talus and cuboid (medial and lateral ) longitudinal arch
52
head of the femur slips out of acetabulum
hip dysplasia
53
soles of the feet turn medially
clubfoot
