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biology: human anatomy mortuary science > lecture 7 ; axial skeleton > Flashcards

lecture 7 ; axial skeleton Flashcards

1
Q

another name for joints

A

articulations

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2
Q

how many bones in the body

A

206

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3
Q

subdivision of bones

A
  1. axial (80 bones)

2. appendicular (126 bones)

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4
Q
  • bodies most complex bony structure
  • formed by cranial and facial bones
  • -enclose and protect the brain
  • provide attachment sites for some muscles of the head and neck
A

the skull

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5
Q
  • formed framework of the face
  • form cavities for sense organs of sight, taste and smell
  • provide opening for passage of air and food
  • hold teeth in place
  • anchor muscles of the face
A

facial bones of the skull

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6
Q

cranium is divided into 2 parts

A

cranial vault and base

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7
Q

paired bones of the cranial bone includes

A

-temporal and parietal bones

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8
Q

unpaired bones the cranial bone includes

A

frontal, occipital,shpenoid, and ethmoid bones

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9
Q

4 sutures of the cranium

A
  1. coronal
  2. squamous
  3. sagittal
  4. lamboid
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10
Q

runs in the coronal plane

-located where parietal bones meet the frontal bone

A

coronal suture

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11
Q

occurs where each parietal bone meets a temporal bone inferiorly

A

squamous suture

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12
Q

occurs where right and left parietal bones meet superiorly

A

sagittal suture

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13
Q

occurs where the parietal bones meet the occipital bone posteriorly

A

lambdoid suture

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14
Q

smooth part of frontal bone between superciliary arches

A

glabella

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15
Q
  • site for neck muscle attachment

- contains air sinuses

A

mastoid process

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16
Q
  • projects medially, contributes to cranial base

- houses cavities of middle and internal ear

A

petrous part

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17
Q
  • keystone of the cranium
  • spans width of the cranial floor
  • resembles a bat with its winds spread
  • consists of body and 3 pairs of processes
A

sphenoid bone

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18
Q
  • lies between nasal and sphenoid bones

- forms most of the medial bony region between nasal cavity and orbits

A

ethmoid bones

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19
Q

4 parts of ethmoid bone

A
  1. cribriform plate
  2. crista galli
  3. perpendicular plate
  4. ethmoidal labyrinth
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20
Q

unpaired bones of the facial bone

A

-mandible and vomer

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21
Q

paired bones of the facial bone

A

-maxillae, zygomatic, nasal, lacrimal, palatine, inferior nasal conchae

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22
Q

-largest and strongest facial bone
-only moveable bone of the skull
2 parts ; horizontal body and two upright rami

A

mandible

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23
Q
  • keystone of the bones of the face
  • articulates with all other facial bones besides mandible
  • contains maxillary sinuses
A

maxillary bones

24
Q

special parts of the skull

A
  • nasal cavity
  • paranasal sinuses
  • orbits
  • hyoid bone
25
air filled sinuses located within these parts of the facial/skull bones - lined with mucous membrane - lighten the skull
-frontal -ethmoid -sphenoid -maxillary bones
26
- lies inferior to the mandible - only bone with no articulation with any other bone - acts as a movable base for tongue
hyoid bone
27
- in adult, 26 bones formed - transmit weight of trunk to the lower limbs - surrounds and protects the spinal cord - serves as attachments site for muscles of neck and back - held in place by ligaments
the vertebral column
28
vertebral column has 5 major regions
- 7 cervical vertebrae - 12 thoracic vertebrae - 5 lumbar vertebrae - scrum 5 fused bones - coccyx
29
- cushion like pads between vertebrae - composed of - -nucleus pulposus - -anulus fibrosus
intervertebral discs
30
- gelatinous inner sphere | - absorbs compressive stresses
nucleus pulposus
31
- outer rings formed of ligament - inner rings formed of fibrocartilage - contains the nucleus pulposus
annulus fibrosus
32
-types of movement that occur between vertebrae
- flexion and extension - lateral flexion - rotation in the long axis
33
-smallest and lightest vertebrae
cervical vertebrae
34
- c1 of the neck - lacks a body and spinous process - supports the skull - allows flexion and extension of neck
atlas
35
- has a body and spinous process - dens projects superiorly - acts as a pivot for rotation of the atlas and skull - participates in rotating the head from side to side
axis
36
- articulate with ribs - heart shaped bodies from the superior view - spinous process are long and point inferiorly
thoracic vertebrae
37
- bodies are thick and robust | - spinous process are thick and blunt point posteriorly
lumbar vertebrae
38
- shapes the posterior wall of pelvis - formed from 5 fused vertebrae - inferiorly articulates with coccyx
sacrum
39
develops from fused rib elements
ala
40
-where first sacral vertebrae bulges into pelvic cavity
sacral promontory
41
- tailbone - formed from 3-5 fused vertebrae - offers only slight support to pelvic organs
coccyx
42
- forms bony framework of the chest - components ; - thoracic vertebrae- posteriorly - ribs- laterally - sternum and costal cartilage- anteriorly - protects thoracic organs - supports shoulder girdle and upper limbs - provides attachment sites for many muscles of the back
thoracic cage
43
formed in three sections; - manubrium - body - xiphoid process
sternum
44
superior section of the sternum | -clavicular notches articulate with medial end of clavicles
manubrium
45
- bulk of sternum | - sides are notched at articulations for costal cartilage of ribs 2-7
body
46
- inferior end of sternum | - ossifies around age 40
xiphoid process
47
anatomical landmarks for the sternum
- jugular notch - sternal angle - xiphisternal joint
48
- superior seven pairs of ribs | - attach to sternum by costal cartilage
true ribs
49
-inferior 5 pairs of ribs
false ribs
50
ribs 11-12
floating ribs
51
- common congenital disorder | - right and left halves of palate fail to fuse medially
cleft palate
52
- narrowing of the vertebral canal | - can compress roots of spinal nerves
stenosis of the lumbar spine
53
-abnormal lateral curvature
scoliosis
54
an exaggerated thoracic curvature
kyphosis
55
accentuated lumbar curvature "swayback"
lordosis
56
unossified remnants of membranes
fontanelles

biology: human anatomy mortuary science (23 decks)

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