lecture 9 ; joints Flashcards
1
Q
- rigid elements of the skeleton meet at joints or articulations
- structure; enables resistance to crushing, tearing and other forces
A
joints
2
Q
joints classified as function
A
- synarthroses
- amphiarthroses
- diarthroses
3
Q
immovable ; common in axial skeleton
A
synarthroses
4
Q
slightly movable; common in axial skeleton
A
amphiarthroses
5
Q
freely moveable ; common in appendicular skeleton
A
diarthroses
6
Q
joints classify as structural
A
- fibrous
- cartilaginous
- synovial
7
Q
- bones connected by fibrous connective tissue
- no joint cavity
- most immovable or slightly movable
- types; sutures, syndesmoses, gomphoses
A
fibrous joints
8
Q
- bones are tightly bound by a minimal amount of fibrous tissue
- occur between bones of the skull
- allow bone growth so skull can expand during childhood
A
sutures
9
Q
- closed sutures
- bones connected exclusively by ligaments
A
synostoses
10
Q
immovable synarthrosis
A
tibiofibular joint
11
Q
- tooth in a socket
- connecting ligament ; periodontal ligament
A
gomphoses
12
Q
-bones are united by cartilage
-lack a joint cavity
two types ; synchondroses and symphyses
A
cartilaginous joints
13
Q
- hyaline cartilage unites bones
- -epiphyseal plates
- joints between first rib and manubrium
A
synchondroses
14
Q
- unites bones; resists tension and compression
- slightly movable joints that provide strength with flexibility
- -intervertebral discs
- pubic symphysis
A
fibrocartilage
15
Q
present as articular cartilage
A
hyaline cartilage
16
Q
- ends of opposing bones are covered with hyaline cartilage
- absorbs compression
A
articular cartilage
17
Q
- unique to synovial joints
- cavity is a potential space that holds a small amount of synovial fluid
A
joint cavity
18
Q
joint cavity is enclosed in a two-layered capsule
A
articular capsule
19
Q
dense irregular connective tissue, which strengthens joint
A
fibrous layer
20
Q
- loose connective tissue
- lines joint capsule and covers internal joint surfaces
- functions to make synovial fluid
A
synovial membrane
21
Q
a viscous fluid similar to raw egg white.
- filtrate of blood
- arises from capillaries in synovial membrane
- contains glycoprotein molecules secreted by fibroblasts
A
synovial fluid
22
Q
pressure on joints squeeze synovial fluid into and out of articular cartilage
A
weeping lubrication
23
Q
- often are thickened parts of fibrous layer
- sometimes are extra capsule ligaments ; located outside the capsule
- sometimes in intracapsular ligaments ; located internal to the capsule
A
reinforcing ligaments
24
Q
- lubricating devices
- friction could overheat and destroy joint tissue
- subjected to compressive forces
- fluid squeezed out as opposing cartilages touch
- cartilages ride on slippery film
A
synovial joints
25
- not synovial joints
- closed bags of lubricant
- reduce friction between body elements
bursae and tendon sheaths
26
a flattened fibrous sac lined by a synovial membrane
bursa
27
an elongated bursa that wraps around a tendon
tendon sheath
28
3 movements allowed by synovial joints
1. gliding
2. angular movement
3. rotation
29
-one bone across the surface of another
gliding
30
movements change the angles between bones
angular movement
31
- movement around a bones long axis
- only movement allowed between atlas and axis vertebrae
- occurs at the hip and shoulder joints
rotation
32
- flat surfaces of two bone slip across each other
- occurs between ;
- carpals
- articular processes of vertebrae
- tarsals
gliding joints
33
- increase or decrease angle between bones
- movements involve;
- flexion and extension
- abduction adduction
- circumduction
angular movements
34
special movements
- elevation
- depression
- protraction
- retraction
- supination
- pronation
- opposition
- inversion
- eversion
- dorisflexion
- plantar flexion
35
lifting a body part superiorly
elevation
36
moving the elevated part inferiorly
depression
37
nonangular movement anteriorly
protraction
38
nonangular movement posteriorly
retraction
39
forearm rotates laterally, palm faces anteriorly
supination
40
forearm rotates medially, palm faces posteriorly
| -brings radius across the ulna
pronation
41
thumb moves across the palm to touch the tips of other fingers
opposition
42
-turns sole of foot medially
inversion
43
turns sole of foot laterally
eversion
44
-lifting the foot so its superior surface approaches the shin
dorsiflexion
45
depressing the foot, elevating the heel
plantar flexion
46
5 synovial joints classified by shape
1. plane joint
2. hinge joints
3. pivot joints
4. condylar joints
5. saddle joints
6. ball and socket joint
47
- articular surfaces are flat planes
- short gliding movements are allowed
- movements are nonaxial
plane joint
48
- cylindrical end of one bone fits into a trough on another bone
- angular movement is allowed in one plane
- elbow, ankle, and joints between phalanges
- movement is uniaxial
hinge joints
49
-classified as uniaxial ; rotating bone turns only around its long axis
pivot joints
50
- allow moving bone to travel
- side by side - abduction/adduction
- back and forth -flexion/extension
- classified as biaxial ; movement occurs around two axes
condylar joints
51
- each articular surface has concave and convex surfaces
- classified as biaxial joints
- allows opposition of the thumb
saddle joints
52
- spherical head of one bone fits into round socket of another
- classified as multiracial ; allows movements in all axes
- shoulders and hips are examples
ball and socket joints
53
- shapes of articulating surfaces determine movements possible
- seldom play major role in joint stability
articular surfaces
54
- prevent excessive motions
| - on medial or inferior side of a joint
ligaments
55
- helps stabilize joints by keeping tensions on tendons
- important in reinforcing ; shoulder and knee joints
- supporting joints in arches of the foot
muscle tone
56
- saddle joint
- four ligaments surround joint
- performs multiple complex movements
- anterior and posterior sternoclavicular ligaments
- interclavicular ligament
- costoclavicular ligament
sternclavicular joint
57
- modified hinge joint
- head of the mandible articulates with the temporal bone
- lateral excursion is a side to side movement
- two surfaces of the articular disc allow; hingleike movement and gliding of superior surface anteriorly
temporomandibular joint
58
common injury to meniscus of knee joint
torn cartilage
59
ligaments of a reinforcing joint are stretched or torn
sprains
60
occurs when the bones of a joint are forced out of alignment
dislocation
61
inflammation of a bursa due to injury or friction
bursitis
62
inflammation of a tendon sheath
tendonitis
63
describes over 100 kinds of joint damaging diseases
arthritis
64
most common type of wear and tear arthritis
osteoarthritis
65
a chronic inflammatory disorder
rheumatoid arthritis
66
uric acid buildup causes pain in joints
gouty arthritis
67
inflammatory disease often resulting in joint pain
lyme disease
