Lecture 6

Question 1

Functions of nucleic acids

Answer 1

-store/transmit generic info
-enzyme
-translates genetic code
(-monomer of one nucleic acid can act as an E source)

Question 2

Two types of nucleic acids

Answer 2

1. DNA
2. RNA

Question 3

Monomers of nucleic acids

Answer 3

Nucleotides

Question 4

Nucleotide structure

Answer 4

Nitrogenous base, pentose sugar, phosphate group

Question 5

What is the most important monomer

Answer 5

ATP

Question 6

Bases of DNA

Answer 6

Adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine

Question 7

Bases of RNA

Answer 7

Adenine, guanine, cytosine, uracil

Question 8

DNA and RNA strands

Answer 8

D : double stranded
R : Single stranded

Question 9

Red ribbon in dna is

Answer 9

Sugar-phosphate backbone, protects the bases

Question 10

Bases in dna are (function)

Answer 10

Structures that code for molecular info

Question 11

Which base bonds with which
(Complementary base pairing)

Answer 11

A and T
C and G

Question 12

RNA shape

Answer 12

Can fold on itself to form 3D molecules

Question 13

RNA functions

Answer 13

Transmit molecular info (mRNA)
Enzyme (ribosome)
Translation of genetic code (tRNA)

Question 14

What does dna carry

Answer 14

Genes

Question 15

Genes carry info that allows cells to

Answer 15

Control placement of am ac

Question 16

Sequence of nucleotides =

Answer 16

Different proteins

Question 17

For dna info to get converted into protein it goes through

Answer 17

Protein synthesis

Question 18

2 steps of protein synthesis

Answer 18

Transcription
Translation

Question 19

What does dna do during transcription

Answer 19

Double strands seperate temporarily

Question 20

Role of mRNA in transcription

Answer 20

Nucleotides bond to complementary dna nucleotides on one strand

Question 21

Transcription is

Answer 21

Transfer of dna info to mRNA

Question 22

Translation is

Answer 22

Assembly of prot structure according to instructions (codon sequence) on mRNA

Question 23

What is a codon

Answer 23

Group of 3 nucleotides on mRNAs (ex AUG GGA UUU …)

Question 24

What is a transfer RNA (tRNA)

Answer 24

Other RNA that has anticodons complementary to codons on mRNA at one end and am ac on other end

Question 25

Each tRNA is unique bc

Answer 25

Has unique anticodon, can only attach to one kind of am ac

Question 26

Role of tRNA

Answer 26

Position each am ac in order from sequence of codons on mRNA

Question 27

Stop codons :

Answer 27

UAA UAG UGA

Question 28

Job of ribosomes

Answer 28

Properly link am ac together

Question 29

How do ribosomes work

Answer 29

Attach to start of mRNA, moves along mRNA when tRNA attaches, aligns first am acs and helps form cov bonds between them

Question 30

Ribosomes act as enzymes by

Answer 30

Accelerating peptide bond formation between am acs through dehydration synthesis

Question 31

When ribosome reaches stop codon :

Answer 31

Release protein comes in, polypeptide chain free (released into cytoplasm), folds into specific shape and becomes functioning protein

Question 32

What determines prot shape

Answer 32

1. Dna sequence determines am ac sequence, which determines prot shape

Question 33

Mutation (genetic code change) affects a cell bc

Answer 33

Am ac sequence change -> prot shape change -> disrupts its normal activity