Lecture 7

Question 1

Increase in cell size =

Answer 1

Increase in metabolic demands

Question 2

Which increases at a faster rate: volume or surface area

Answer 2

Volume

Question 3

Metabolic demands is determined by

Answer 3

Volume of cell

Question 4

Transport of materials is determined by

Answer 4

Surface area

Question 5

The smaller an object is,

Answer 5

The more surface area/ the less volume

Question 6

The smaller an object is, the smaller the volume and larger the surface are which is why

Answer 6

Cells are small

Question 7

To maintain homeostasis cell must have

Answer 7

Enough surface area
(Can’t work if metabolic demand > exchange of materials)

Question 8

All cells :

Answer 8

-surrounded by membrane
-cytosol inside cytoplasm
-dna
-ribosomes

Question 9

Prokaryotic cells have

Answer 9

Dna not in nucleus, lack most organelles

Question 10

Eukaryotic cells have

Answer 10

Dna in nucleus, organnelles

Question 11

Cell membrane role

Answer 11

Boundary between outside and inside

Question 12

Cell membrane functions

Answer 12

-membrane transport (selectively permeable)
-cell signalling (sense changes and react)
-cell adhesion

Question 13

Components of cell membrane

Answer 13

1. Protein molecules
2. Lipid molecules

Question 14

Substance inside cytoplasm

Answer 14

Cytosol

Question 15

Nucleus stores what

Answer 15

Dna

Question 16

What is the nuclear envelope

Answer 16

Two membranes (outer and inner), boundary if nucleus

Question 17

Nuclear pores

Answer 17

Gateways allowing molecules to enter/leave nucleus (ex mRNA to transcript genetic code)

Question 18

Nucleolus

Answer 18

Mass of densily stained granules/fibers
Site of ribosome synthesis (rRNA)

Question 19

Ribosomes are formed with

Answer 19

rRNA and a little protein

Question 20

Ribosomes synthesize proteins in

Answer 20

Cytosol (free ribosomes)
Outside of RER (bound ribosomes)

Question 21

Proteins synthesized outside of RER for

Answer 21

Outside of cell, functions inside specific organelles, integration into membranes

Question 22

Proteins synthesized in cytosol are

Answer 22

Intracellular (not secretory)

Question 23

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) structure

Answer 23

Same as plasma membrane (phospholipid bilayer continuous with nuclear envelope with proteins)

Question 24

Two types of ER

Answer 24

Smooth ER (lack ribosomes)
rough ER (surface studded with bound ribosomes)

Question 25

Smooth ER functions

Answer 25

1. Synthesis of lipids 2. Break down stored glycogen 3. Detoxification of drugs and poisons

Question 26

Rough ER functions

Answer 26

1. Protein synthesis (specifically secretory) 2. Membrane sythesis

Question 27

Golgi apparatus functions

Answer 27

-modifies lipids and proteins produced by ER -sorting station -packaging/export of molecules

Question 28

Golgi apparatus looks like

Answer 28

Flattened sacs called cisternae, surrounded by vesicles

Question 29

Vacuoles are

Answer 29

Large vesicles

Question 30

Functions of vesicles

Answer 30

Store/transport chemicals throughout the cell

Question 31

What produces vesicles

Answer 31

ER and golgi

Question 32

Lysosomes are

Answer 32

Specialized vesicles

Question 33

Lysosomes do what

Answer 33

Intracellular digestion (degrade damaged or unneeded macromolecules, bacteria)

Question 34

Lysosomes can digest all biological molecules but

Answer 34

Enzymes optimal at pH 5

Question 35

Peroxisomes contain enzymes that

Answer 35

-Detoxify harmful substances -Produce hydrogen peroxide (can be toxic to cell, so -Convert hydrogen peroxide to water and O2

Question 36

Peroxisomes

Answer 36

Found mainly in liver and kidney Plays role in breaking down/synthesizing FA

Question 37

Endomembrane system defines

Answer 37

Physical relationship between many organelles within eukaryotic cell

Question 38

Organelles in endomembrane syst have an interrelated membrane through

Answer 38

Direct contact of transfer if membrane (vesicles) They are related by form

Question 39

Overall role of endomembrane system :

Answer 39

Regulate prot traffic in cell and perform various metabolic functions

Question 40

Components of endomembrane system

Answer 40

1. Plasma membrane 2. Nuclear envelope of nucleus 3. ER 4. Golgi apparatus 5. Lysosomes 6. Vesicles and vacuoles