Lecture 9

Question 1

Two types of transport through membrane

Answer 1

Passive and active

Question 2

Diff between passive and active transport

Answer 2

Passive : no energy
Active : energy

Question 3

Types of passive transport

Answer 3

Osmosis
Diffusion
Facilitated diffusion

Question 4

Types of active transport

Answer 4

Primary
Secondary
Vesicular

Question 5

What is primary active transport

Answer 5

Protein pump uses ATP to move solutes from low to high concentration

Question 6

Secondary transport

Answer 6

Uses transmembrane electrochemical gradient of ions to provide E to bring components against concentration gradient

Question 7

Vesicular transport types

Answer 7

Endocytosis and exocytosis

Question 8

What is a concentration gradient

Answer 8

One area has a lower [] and one has a higher

Question 9

What can cross freely through membrane by diffusion

Answer 9

Lipid soluable (hydrophobic), o2, co2

Question 10

What happens at equilibrium

Answer 10

Molecules keep moving without a net mouvement or change in []

Question 11

Rate/speed of diffusion depends on (3)

Answer 11

1. Concentration (more = faster bc more collision)
2. Molecular size
3. Temperature (higher increases speed)

Question 12

The more lilid soluble, the more

Answer 12

It will diffuse across membrane

Question 13

Equilibrium in organisms rarely or frequently occurs?

Answer 13

Very rarely (ex o2 in and co2 out constantly)

Question 14

What is osmolarity

Answer 14

Total [] of dissolved particles in solution

Question 15

Osmolarity formula

Answer 15

Molarity x n (number of particles in solution)

Question 16

Ex of osmolarity : 0.3M of NaCl = ?

Answer 16

0,3 x 2 = 0,6 osmol/L

Question 17

Hypertonic

Answer 17

Greater [] of solute

Question 18

Hypotonic

Answer 18

Lesser [] of solute

Question 19

Isotonic

Answer 19

Same [] of solute

Question 20

If 2 solutions have same osmolarity = same ?

Answer 20

Tonicity (isotonic)

Question 21

Concentration gradient determined by difference in ?

Answer 21

TOTAL solute [] (NOT nb of nature if solute)

Question 22

What is tonicity affected by

Answer 22

Presence of non penetrating solutes in water and net mvmt of water

Question 23

Tonicity is a description of how

Answer 23

Solutions affect a cell’s shape

Question 24

Crenation

Answer 24

Cell shrinks (occurs im hypertonic solutions)

Question 25

Hemolysis

Answer 25

Cell bursts (in hypotonic solutions)

Question 26

What helps facilitate diffusion

Answer 26

Transmembrane proteins

Question 27

Which type of transport brings molecules down their gradient

Answer 27

Passive

Question 28

Transmembrane proteins

Answer 28

Carrier (specific for one chemical, shale change, sugars, am ac) channel (mostly ions

Question 29

Water specific channels

Answer 29

Aquaporins

Question 30

Can water cross through simple diffusion

Answer 30

Yes (bc small) but very slow, facilitated is faster

Question 31

Why can't sodium diffuse out of cell

Answer 31

Bc can't diffuse from low to high []

Question 32

Mouvement of hydrophilic molecules against their gradient

Answer 32

Actuve

Question 33

What does active transport require

Answer 33

ATP and carrier protein

Question 34

Primary active transport creates what

Answer 34

Gradient which provides energy for secondary active transport

Question 35

How is electrochemical gradient created

Answer 35

When primary active transport moves ions

Question 36

Source of energy for secondary transport

Answer 36

Electrochemical gradient

Question 37

Popular pump

Answer 37

Na+-K+ pump

Question 38

When Na+ ions go outside (after primary transport), when a channel protein opens, they move down their gradient (back into cell) and transport other substances (glucose) that way

Answer 38

Secondary active transport (just wanted to explain)

Question 39

Two ways for glucose uptake to take place

Answer 39

Facilitated diffusion and secondary active transport

Question 40

Exocytosis

Answer 40

Transport of very large molecules OUT of cell (ex insulin out of pancreatic cell)

Question 41

Endocytosis

Answer 41

Transport of very large molecules into cell