Lecture 19 Flashcards
(59 cards)
What is called the ability to maintain respiratory rhythm to suit body’s needs
Regulation of respiration
Two types if respiratory regulations
- Neural regulation
- Chemical regulation
Components of neural regulation
- respiratory center
- cortex
- hypothalamus
Components of chemical regulation
- central chemoreceptors
- peripheral chemoreceptors
The respiratory center (RC) is and does what
Is groups of neurons in hind part of brain and regulates rate and depth of breathing
RC is located in two regions of brain:
- Medulla
- Pons
Medulla (expiratory and inspiratory center) function
Can regulate both expiration and inspiration depending on the neurons activated
Pons areas function
- can decrease duration of inspiration which will alter respiratory rate
- can send signals for deep long breaths
Why can we voluntarily alter our pattern of breathing
Bc cerebral cortex has connections with respiratory center
Why is voluntarily breathing control protective
We can prevent breathing water or gas
The basic rhythm of respiration can be modified by
Inputs from other brain regions, receptors in peripheral nervous system and other factors
What can the involuntary breathing system override
The voluntary one (can’t kill yourself by holding breath)
When holding breath and fainting, what happens when consciousness is lost
Breathing restarts
Breathing automatically resumes if what increases to a certain level (and stimulate inspiratory area which sends impulses to phrenic and intercostal nerves)
[Pco2 and H+]
Where are located central chemoreceptors
Medulla
Central chemoreceptors respond to changes in what
H+, pco2 in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
When co2 from plasma enters CSF, why does ph decrease
Bc it forms HCO3 and H+
Central chemoreceptors respond to decrease in pH by
Stimulating respiratory center to increase inspiratory rate
Inc in co2 -> inc in H+, so
Dec in ph and inc in breathing rate
Where are peripheral chemoreceptors
In aortic bodies (in walls of aortic arch) and carotid bodies ( walls of carotid arteries)
What do peripheral chemoreceptors do
Monitor chemistry of blood and are sensitive to changes in po2, pco2, h+ in blood
What causes peripheral nervous system’s chemoreceptors to stimulate respiration center
Dec in ph, dec in o2, inc in co2
Dec in ph, dec in o2, inc in co2 =
Inc in breathing rate
Any rise in co2 results in rise of
Ph (bc forms carbonic acid which dissociates into h+ ions)
