PATIENT PREPARATION

Question 1

components that will result in transient increase upon exercising

Answer 1

lactate
fatty acids
ammonia

Question 2

components that will result in long term increase upon exercising

Answer 2

skeletal muscle enzymes: CPK, AST,

Question 3

increased plasma level due to virgorous hand exercise

Answer 3

potassium
phosphate
lactate

Question 4

components that will increased during chronic aerobic exercise

Answer 4

slight increase of muscle enzymes
CK, AST, LD and ALT

Question 5

components that will increased during long distance exercise

Answer 5

decrease of FSH, LH, sex steroids,

but increase prolactin

Question 6

hormones that will decrease during exercise

Answer 6

fsh, lh, estrogen and testosterone

basically all the gonads

kasi kapag intense workout or long distance exercise, naaactvate si HPA or hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis na siyang magpoproduce ng cortisol and other stress hormone

once activated si HPA kaya niya isupress si hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis,

Question 7

hormones that will increase during exercise

Answer 7

prolactin and somatotrophin

Question 8

fasting time requirement

Answer 8

between 8-12 hrs

Question 9

what are the fasting specimens

Answer 9

FBS
lipids
lipoprotein
hormonal assay

Question 10

fasting for 48 hrs may increase __

Answer 10

bilirubin

Question 11

fasting for 42 hrs may increase

Answer 11

plasma triglyceride in males
glucose decreases in females

Question 12

components in basal state collection

Answer 12

glucose
lipids
lipoproteins
electrolyte

Question 13

components in basic metabolic panel

Answer 13

glucose
bun
creatinine
sodium
potassium
chloride]
co2
calcium

Question 14

basal state collection is ideal at what time

Answer 14

early morning collection

12 hrs after the last ingestion of food

Question 15

patients should be encourage to avoid making any dietary changes, drinking alcohol, or enagging in excessive exercises for at least how many hrs before having their blood collected for lab testing

Answer 15

24hrs

Question 16

how caffein influences the concentration of glucose

Answer 16

increases due to the release of catecholamines from adrenal medulla and brain tissue

kape kasi diba nakakgising yan, fight and flight, catecholamines inhibitor ng insulin yan so increase glucose

Question 17

obese persons may be seen with elevated what component

Answer 17

glucose, cortisol, TAG, and LD

Question 18

high protein diet will cause increase

Answer 18

urea - from protein
uric acid from amino acid
ammonia - from protein

Question 19

atkins diet means

Answer 19

high protein low carb diet

Question 20

atkins diet has a markly increased plasma ___

Answer 20

urea and ketones

urea from proteins
ketones from lipolysis due to low glucose level

Question 21

renin blood level is collected after how many days of low salt diet, and in what site

Answer 21

after 3 days, in peripheral vein

Question 22

ethanol ingestion will cause elevated plasma ___

Answer 22

lactate
urate
triglyceride

Question 23

chronic alcohol abuse will cause increased

Answer 23

HDL, GGT, uric acid

Question 24

preferred posture during phlebotomy

Answer 24

upright or supine (lying)

Question 25

recommendation when it comes to posture patients should be seated/supine for at least ____ to ____ before blood collection to prevent hemodilution or hemoconcentration

Answer 25

15-20 mns

Question 26

according to the current NCEF guidelines, in performing lipid test, the patient must be seated for how many mns before sampling to prevent hemoconcentration

Answer 26

5 mns

Question 27

effect of changing position from supine to sitting/standing to blood vessels and plasma volume

Answer 27

changing from supine to a sitting or standing position causes constriction of the blood vessels and reduction of plasma volume kaya kapag biglang tayo nakakahilo kasi lumiliit ung ugat, lower plasma volume, biglang konti ng blood circulating the body specially the brain

Question 28

effect of changing position from supine to albumin, enzymes, and calcium

Answer 28

increases

Question 29

effect of changing position from sitting to supine

Answer 29

shifting of water and electrolytes into tissues causing hemoconcentration water napupunta sa interstitial spaces, umaalis sa vessels, nagiging concentrated tuloy ung blood

Question 30

effect of changing position from standing to supine

Answer 30

causes extravascular water to transfer to the vascular system and dilute nondiffusable plasma constituents decreased levels of chole, trigly, and lipoproteins

Question 31

mnemonic to remember the effects of sitting and standing to supine position

Answer 31

sitting to supine - SIT outside! kapag from sit to supine, to outside ang direction ng water, causing hemoconcentration . Shifting of water and electrolytes to tissues Standing to supine - Stand in front of the wall, iniisip ko nalang ung wall sa loob ng bahay, so INSIDE - inside and direction ng water. The extravascular water diffuses into vascular system and causing hemodilution

Question 32

significant elevation of potassium after 30 mns of standing is due to the release of potassium from

Answer 32

muscles

Question 33

prolonged bedrest will result to decrease _____ due to fluid retention

Answer 33

plasma albumin

Question 34

renin plasma level is higher when ____ than ___ choices: standing, supine

Answer 34

higher when STANDING than SUPINE

Question 35

maximum of how many minute of tourniquet application should be observed

Answer 35

max of 1 mn

Question 36

effect of the pressure from the tourniquet tyo the blood

Answer 36

causes biological analytes to leak from tissue cells into the blood

Question 37

effects pf prolonged tourniquet application

Answer 37

hemoconcentration (venous stasis) and anaerobiosis

Question 38

components that will increase due to prolonged tourniquet application

Answer 38

potassium proteins (albumin) enzymes lactate cholesterol ammonia

Question 39

prolonged use of a tourniquet with fist exercises can increase the serum potassium level by how many mmol/L

Answer 39

1 mmol/L

Question 40

a component which we dont use tourniquet for measurement

Answer 40

lactate

Question 41

prolonged use of a tourniquet increased the total cholesterol by ___

Answer 41

10-15%

Question 42

tourniquet application and or muscular activity may ___ venous po2 and pH

Answer 42

decrease, nauubusan ng oxygen thus nagiging acidic

Question 43

components that will increase in tobacco smoking (nicotine )

Answer 43

catecholamines cortisol growth hormone glucose cholesterol triglyceride ammonia urea lactate insulin

Question 44

chronic smoking will cause elevated plasma ___

Answer 44

lactate insulin epinephrine growth hormone increased urinary 5HIAA

Question 45

smoking can decrease plasma levels of

Answer 45

vitamin b12

Question 46

describe the glucose level of a diabetic patients with chronic alcoholism

Answer 46

decreased concentration

Question 47

effect of ethanol to ALT and LD

Answer 47

decreases alt for up to 50% and LD up to 70%

Question 48

components that will increase when stress

Answer 48

catecholamines cortisol ACTH prolactin albumin glucose lactate

Question 49

components that will increase in mild stress

Answer 49

slight elevation of total cholesterol hdl-chole declines by almost 15% `

Question 50

medications affecting plasma volume can affect what components

Answer 50

protein, BUN, iron, and calcium

Question 51

diuretics can cause decreased plasma __ and __

Answer 51

sodium and potassium

Question 52

opiates can increase what enzymes

Answer 52

liver and pancreatic enzymes

Question 53

what are the components affected by age

Answer 53

albumin alp cholesterol phosphorus

Question 54

what are the components affected by gender- male

Answer 54

albumin alp creatinine uric acid cholesterol BUN

Question 55

what are the components affected by gender - female

Answer 55

hdl iron cholesterol

Question 56

what are the components affected by recent food ingestion - increased

Answer 56

glucose TAG gastrin free calcium ions

Question 57

what are the components affected by recent food ingestion - decrease

Answer 57

electrolytes (cl, K, P) ALP AMS

Question 58

variation of cortisol

Answer 58

peaks at 4-6 am lowest at 8-12 pm 50% lower at 8 pm than 8 am; increased with stress

Question 59

variation of ACTH - adrenocorticotrophic hormone

Answer 59

lower at nigh increased with stress

Question 60

variation of plasma renin activity

Answer 60

lower at night higher when standing with supine

Question 61

variation of aldosterone

Answer 61

lower at night

Question 62

variation of insulin

Answer 62

lowers at night

Question 63

variation of growth hormone

Answer 63

higher in afternoon and everning basta pagtulog, diba kapag afternoon nagna-nap tas evening kasi gabi

Question 64

variation of acid phosphatase (ACP)

Answer 64

higher in afternoon and evening

Question 65

variation of thyroxine

Answer 65

increases with exercise

Question 66

variation of prolactin

Answer 66

higher with stress higher levels at 4 am, 8 am, 8 pm, and 10 pm

Question 67

variation of iron

Answer 67

peaks early to late morning decreases up to 30% during the day

Question 68

variation of calcium

Answer 68

4% decrease when supine

Question 69

analytic methods that are based on oxidation-reduction reactions may be influenced positively or negatively by ingested substances such as

Answer 69

ascorbic acid