Lipids

Question 1

Why are lipids and fatty acids important?

Answer 1

Store energy
Form membranes
Carry info and signal
Surfactants

Question 2

What is an example of something lipids carry info for and signal?

Answer 2

Inflammation

Question 3

What are some additional services that lipids and fatty acids are used for?

Answer 3

Vitamins
Enzyme cofactors
Color ants

Question 4

What is a fatty acid?

Answer 4

Carboxylic acid with a long hydrocarbon chain

Question 5

What are three types of fatty acids?

Answer 5

Saturated
Unsaturated
Polyunsaturated

Question 6

What type of unsaturated fatty acid does the body produce?

Answer 6

Cis

Question 7

What is an example of a storage lipid?

Answer 7

Triacylglycerols

Question 8

Membrane lipids are polar or non polar?

Answer 8

Polar

Question 9

What type of lipid is not found in biological membranes?

Answer 9

Storage lipids (triglycerides)

Question 10

Are storage lipids polar or non polar?

Answer 10

Non polar

Question 11

What is the primary energy storage molecule?

Answer 11

Triglycerides

Question 12

What are triglycerides important for organ systems?

Answer 12

They are the primary source of energy

Question 13

Where do you get fatty acids from?

Answer 13

Dietary fats

Dietary carbohydrates and proteins

Question 14

What transfers free fatty acids?

Answer 14

Albumin

Question 15

What transfers triglycerides from adipose tissue to other cells?

Answer 15

Lipoproteins

Question 16

What are three types of membranes formed by lipids?

Answer 16

Micelle
Bilateral
Vesicle

Question 17

What are three major membrane lipids?

Answer 17

Phospholipids
Sphingolipids
Glycolipids

Question 18

What makes a phospholipid?

Answer 18

Phosphate group

Glycerol or sphingosine linker

Question 19

What makes a sphingolipid?

Answer 19

One sphingosine
One fatty acid
And a head group ( phosphate, glucose, polysaccharide)

Question 20

What is the function of sphingolipids?

Answer 20

Direct signaling activity

Question 21

What is the function of glycolipids?

Answer 21

Anchor proteins to membranes

Cell identification

Question 22

Sterols are necessary for what process?

Answer 22

Endocytosis

Question 23

What are functions of sterols?

Answer 23

Increase membrane rigidity
Reduce membrane permeability
Lipid raft constituent

Question 24

What are three inflammatory lipids?

Answer 24

Prostaglandin
Thromboxanes
Leukotrienes

Question 25

What makes a nucleotide?

Answer 25

Pentose ring Base Phosphate group

Question 26

What makes a nucleic acid?

Answer 26

Nucleotides connected by a phosphodiester bond.

Question 27

What is the foundational molecule of life?

Answer 27

Nucleotides

Question 28

What are the functions of nucleotides and nucleic acids?

Answer 28

Information transfer Energy transfer Signal transduction

Question 29

What direction is the genetic code read?

Answer 29

5' to 3'

Question 30

What does RNA have that DNA doesn't?

Answer 30

OH on 2' | Uridine instead of thymidine

Question 31

What are the two main sources of energy for life?

Answer 31

Light | Chemical

Question 32

How do prokaryotes replicate?

Answer 32

Binary fission

Question 33

Do eukaryotic cells have cell walls?

Answer 33

No

Question 34

Where do you find DNA in prokaryotes?

Answer 34

Cytoplasm

Question 35

How do prokaryotes obtain genetic diversity?

Answer 35

Mutation

Question 36

What do you find in a gram positive bacteria?

Answer 36

Exposed glycoproteins layer | Thick peptidoglycan layer

Question 37

What happens if the plasma membrane is too fluid?

Answer 37

Loss of barrier function

Question 38

What happens if the plasma membrane is too rigid?

Answer 38

Restricts cell shape and transport

Question 39

What is a lipid raft?

Answer 39

An area that is cholesterol and sphingolipid rich

Question 40

What does a lipid raft do?

Answer 40

Limits fluidity | Regulates signal transduction and endocytosis

Question 41

What is endocytosis?

Answer 41

Internalization of the plasma membrane

Question 42

Where is the first place something that is endocytosed goes in the cell?

Answer 42

Early endosome