Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Biochem Human Form and Function > Pharmacology Test #4 Dr. Flekenstein 11/28/16 > Flashcards

Pharmacology Test #4 Dr. Flekenstein 11/28/16 Flashcards

(58 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Define Pharmacology

A

Branch of medicine concerned with the uses, effects, and modes of action of drugs (Focus on therapeutic effects of drugs)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Define Toxicology

A

“The dose makes the poison”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is pharmacokinetics?

A

-The action of the body on drugs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is pharmacodynamics?

A

-The action of drugs on the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Dose, Drug concentration, and Drug metabolism are examples of what?

A

-Pharmacokinetics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What does ADME stand for?

A
  • Absorption
  • Distribution
  • Metabolism
  • Elimination
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is an agonist?

A

-A drug or natural ligand

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What do agonists do?

A

-Activate receptors (Rc)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

If you have a log does on the x-axis what is typically the shape of the curve?

A

-Sigmoidal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What do antagonists do?

A

-Bind to receptors (Rc) but do not activate it

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

T/F

Antagonists interfere with agonists

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What direction does the dose response curve shift if there are antagonists?

A

To the right

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Where do allosteric activators bind?

A

-Somewhere away/different from the agonist site

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What type of effect do you get from allosteric activators?

A

-Potentiates effects

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Where does the allosteric inhibitor bind?

A

-Binds a receptor site separate from agonist site

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Are allosteric inhibitors and activators competitive or competitive?

A

-Non-competitive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Is the active or inactive receptors usually favored?

A

-Inactive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

T/F

There is always some active and inactive receptors at any given time

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What do full agonists have a higher affinity for?

A

-Active receptor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What do partial agonists have an affinity for?

A

-Intermediate affintiy for Both Inactive and active receptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What do inverse agonists have a higher affinity for?

A

-Inactive receptor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What does a conventional antagonists have an affinity for?

A

-Equal affinity for Ra and Ri

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Drug concentration where effect or receptor occupancy are half maximal is the _____ and ____ respectively.

A
  • EC50

- Kd

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is Kd?

Study These Flashcards
A

-Where 1/2 of receptors are bound

25
What is EC 50?
-Concentration where you get 50% of drug effect
26
What is Emax?
-Where you get your maximal effect
27
What is IC50?
-The concentration of drug where you have 50% of effect blocked
28
When you have an agonists with a competitive antagonist what happens to the EC50?
-Shifts to the right
29
When you have an agonist with a noncompetitive antagonist what happens to the EC50?
-Doesn't shift at all
30
What is the plateau dose?
-Maximum effect
31
What is the threshold dose?
-The smallest dose that causes a measurable effect
32
If you can exert a maximum effect without all receptors being bound what does that mean?
-You have spare receptors
33
If you put a partial agonist in with a full agonist what can occur?
-The partial agonist can inhibit some of the effect of the full agonist by occupying some of the receptors that the full agonist use leading to an intermediate effect
34
T/F | With enough partial agonist you can have the same max effect as a full agonist
False | You can not get the same max effect as a full agonist
35
What are the three types of drug-receptor interactions?
- Additive - Synergistic - Antagonistic
36
What is an additive drug-receptor interactions?
-Drug effect equals sum of individual effects. 1+1=2 Example: acetometaphine relieves 50% and Ibuprofen relieves 50% and together they relieves 100 %
37
What is synergistic drug-receptor interactions?
-Effect is greater than sum (1+1=5)
38
What is antagonistic drug-receptor interactions?
-Drug blocking ability (1+1=1/2)
39
T/F | Chemical antagonists involve receptors
False | -They do not involve receptor
40
T/F | Physiological antagonists involve endogenous regulatory pathways mediated by different receptors
True
41
What refers to the number of receptors that must be activated to yield a maximum response?
-Efficacy
42
What is efficacy?
-Maximum effect of drug
43
If you have a drug with high efficacy what percentage of receptors do you need to stimulate?
-Small percentages
44
If you have the relative concentrations of two or more drugs that produced the same drug effect what do you have?
-Potency
45
Therapeutic index is calculated how?
-Toxic over Therapeutic (TD50/ED50)
46
Do you want a higher or lower therapeutic index when making a drug?
-Higher (example 100 or 2)
47
What does the therapeutic range fall between?
-Toxic dose and therapeutic dose
48
T/F | You use your blood concentration to measure if you are in the therapeutic range
True
49
What does a wide margin of safety mean?
-Large difference between toxic and therapeutic dose
50
The amount of drug that gets to target are inversely proportional to what two things?
- Distance from site | - Amount of tissue that it must pass through
51
What is parenteral administration of a drug?
-Not by way of intestine or GI tract
52
What is/are an/some example of a parenteral administration?
- Intravenous (IV) - Intramuscular - Subcutaneous
53
What is the fastest ways for drugs to be administered to the system?
- IV | - Inhalation
54
What is an advantage of intramuscular drug administrations?
-You can give large volumes
55
What is enteral drug administration?
-By way of the intestine or GI tract
56
What are examples of enteral drug aministrations?
- Buccal or sublingual - Oral - Rectal
57
What are three features of oral administration?
- Most unpredictable - Absorption via duodenum - First pass metabolism
58
What is first pass metabolism?
-The liver degrades drugs

Biochem Human Form and Function (28 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions