Male Repro Columbo TEST #3 11/1/16

Question 1

What does the head of the sperm contain?

Answer 1

• Acrosome

- Genetic information

Question 2

What is it called when the sperm breaks down the outer layer of the ovum?

Answer 2

-Acrosome reaction

Question 3

What forms the centrioles in the fusion of the sperm and egg?

Answer 3

-Complex of microtubules

Question 4

What is the cytoskeletal component of the sperm flagella that is formed from microtubules called?

Answer 4

-Axoneme

Question 5

What is the max velocity of sperm?

Answer 5

1-4 mm/minute

Question 6

T/F

The axoneme allows for movement and has lots of mitochondria located near it

Answer 6

True

Question 7

What gives the sperm direction to move?

Answer 7

-Chemotactic sensors

Question 8

What is movement by chemotactic sensors called?

Answer 8

-Gradient sensing

Question 9

When does spermatogenesis begin?

Answer 9

around 13 yrs old

Question 10

What influences spermatogenesis?

Answer 10

-Anterior pituitary (LH and FSH)

Question 11

Where is the specific place in the testes that sperm is produced?

Answer 11

-Seminiferous tubules

Question 12

What are seminiferous tubules lined with?

Answer 12

-Spermatogonia a type of germinal epithelial cell

Question 13

How many cell layers in the spermatogonia?

Answer 13

2-3 cell layers

Question 14

T/F

Spermatogonia proliferate to replace themselves

Answer 14

True

Question 15

What surrounds the spermatogonia?

Answer 15

-Sertoli cells

Question 16

What is the function of the Sertoli cells for the developing sperm?

Answer 16

• Supply nutrients
• Translocate differentiating sperm
• Form blood-testis barrier

Question 17

Why is the Sertoli cell border (blood-testis barrier) important?

Answer 17

-Sperm can cause an auto-immune reaction when exposed to blood

Question 18

What do Leydig cells produce?

Answer 18

-Testosterone

Question 19

What causes Leydig cells to produce testosterone?

Answer 19

-Luteninizing hormone (LH)

Question 20

What initiates puberty and spermatogenesis?

Answer 20

-Testosterone

Question 21

How long does it take from start to finish for sperm to fully develop?

Answer 21

64 days

Question 22

What is added to the sperm before it decouples from the Sertoli cell and enters the seminiferous tubule?

Answer 22

-Tail

Question 23

T/F

Sperm are motile in the seminiferous tubules

Answer 23

False

They are not motile

Question 24

What produces Inhibin as a negative feedback that occurs in excess of FSH secretion?

Answer 24

-Sertoli cells

Question 25

What does FSH stimulate?

Answer 25

-Sertoli cells

Question 26

After sperm is in the seminiferous tubules what two structures does it pass through before getting to the epididymis?

Answer 26

- Tubulus rectus (1st) | - Rete testis (2nd)

Question 27

What part before the epididymis helps reabsorb tubular fluid and concentrate the sperm?

Answer 27

-Rete Testis

Question 28

T/F | Sperm are capable of motility in the epididymis

Answer 28

True | -But they are inhibited by factors in the fluid

Question 29

From the epididymis where does the sperm go?

Answer 29

-Vas deferens

Question 30

How long can sperm be stored and still maintain their functionality?

Answer 30

-One month

Question 31

What is obstructed in a vasectomy?

Answer 31

-Vas deferens

Question 32

Where does sperm go from the vas deferens?

Answer 32

-Seminal vesicles

Question 33

What percent of seminal volume do the seminal vesicles contribute?

Answer 33

60-70 %

Question 34

What are three things that the seminal vesicles secrete?

Answer 34

- Fructose - Prostaglandins - Fibrinogen

Question 35

What is the purpose of fructose being secreted into the sperm seamen mixture?

Answer 35

-Fuel for sperm motility

Question 36

What is the purpose of prostaglandins being secreted into the seamen?

Answer 36

- Allows sperm ingress | - Propel sperm inward

Question 37

What is the purpose of Fibrinogen being secreted into the seamen?

Answer 37

-Be cleaved to form a clot

Question 38

After sperm passes the seminal vesicles where does it go?

Answer 38

-Ejaculatory duct

Question 39

From the ejaculatory duct where does sperm go?

Answer 39

-Past the prostate via internal urethra

Question 40

What does the prostate gland add?

Answer 40

- Clotting enzymes - Pro-fibrinolysin - alkaloids

Question 41

What is the purpose of the clotting enzymes secreted from the prostate gland?

Answer 41

-Keep sperm in place

Question 42

What is the purpose of the pro-fibrinolysin secreted from the prostate gland?

Answer 42

-Break down the clot

Question 43

What percentage of product does the prostate gland contribute?

Answer 43

25-30%

Question 44

What is another name for bulbourethral glands?

Answer 44

-Cowpers glands

Question 45

What do bulbourethral glands do?

Answer 45

-Secrete pre-ejaculate

Question 46

What are the three glands that contribute to the sperm?

Answer 46

- Seminal vesicles - Prostate - Cowpers glands

Question 47

What is the pH of sperm?

Answer 47

-7.5

Question 48

How long can sperm survive in utero?

Answer 48

2-3 days

Question 49

What is it called when sperm enters the vagina and mobility inhibiting factors are washed away?

Answer 49

-Sperm capacitation

Question 50

What molecule causes a more vigorous motion in the flagella?

Answer 50

-Calcium

Question 51

T/F | Pre-ejaculate is released in response to parasympathetic nerves

Answer 51

True

Question 52

What hormones cause vasodilatation?

Answer 52

- Ach | - Nitric oxide

Question 53

What two places fill with blood during an erection?

Answer 53

- Corpora cavernosa | - Corpus spongiosum

Question 54

What allows the corpora cavernos and corpus spongiosum to expand without rupture?

Answer 54

-Dense fibrous coats

Question 55

What causes contractions of the vas deferens moving sperm towards the seminal vesicles in other words what causes emission?

Answer 55

-Sympathetic nervous system

Question 56

What two muscles control ejaculation?

Answer 56

- Bulbospongiousus | - Ischiocavernosus