TEST #4 Pharmacology part II 11/29/16 Dr. Flekenstein

Question 1

T/F

The concentration of a drug at a particular site is not related to its affinity

Answer 1

False

It is related to its affinity

Question 2

The initial distribution of drug into tissues is determined by what?

Answer 2

Rate of blood flow

Question 3

What is a topical drug?

Answer 3

-A drug that is applied to a surface

Question 4

T/F

Plasma binding proteins and gastric emptying time can play a role in the effect of a drug

Answer 4

True

Question 5

What is transdermal administration?

Answer 5

-A patch that releases slowly

Question 6

What is a synonymous term for therapeutic range?

Answer 6

-Therapeutic window

Question 7

What is a substance that brings about a change in biologic function through its chemical actions?

Answer 7

-Drug

Question 8

What is a subset or compound of drugs used for selective, therapeutic effects?

Answer 8

-Medicine

Question 9

What are chemicals not synthesized in the body?

Answer 9

-Xenobiotic

Question 10

What is it called when you have unintended effects from a drug?

Answer 10

-Side Effect

Question 11

What are four factors that effect the absorption of drugs in the blood?

Answer 11

• Route of administration
• Blood flow
• Drug characteristics
• Cell membrane characteristics

Question 12

What are four important characteristics of drugs that deal with membrane diffusion?

Answer 12

• Whether the drug is lipid soluble or water soluble

- size (large vs small)

Question 13

T/F

Formulation, concentration and acidity are all important considerations to make when looking at drug characteristics.

Answer 13

True

Question 14

What type of drugs are only soluble in lipids?

Answer 14

-non-ionized drugs

Question 15

What is the fraction of unchanged drug reaching the systemic circulation following administration by any route?

Answer 15

-Bioavailability

Question 16

If you do an intravenous injection what is your bioavailability?

Answer 16

-100%

Question 17

What can effect bioavailability of a drug?

Answer 17

• Drug dissolving in GI tract

- Drug destruction by liver

Question 18

What is the measure of the apparent space in the body available to contain a drug?

Answer 18

-Volume of distribution

Question 19

How do you measure the volume of distribution?

Answer 19

-V= Amount of drug in body / concentration

Question 20

If you have a Vd of 3 L what does that mean?

Answer 20

-Drug stayed mainly in the plasma

Question 21

If you have a Vd of 14 L what does that mean?

Answer 21

-Drug was distributed into the extracellular space

Question 22

If you have a Vd of 42 L what does that mean?

Answer 22

-Drug was distributed into all of the total body water

Question 23

If you have an extremely high Vd such as 300 L what does that mean?

Answer 23

-The drug has accumulated into the fat

Question 24

If you have drugs with small volume of distribution what does that mean?

Answer 24

-Drugs are limited to certain areas within the body

Question 25

If you have drugs with a large volume of distribution what does that mean?

Answer 25

-The drug penetrates extensively into tissues throughout the body

Question 26

What do you use to calculate half life?

Answer 26

-Volume of distribution

Question 27

What is clearance of a drug?

Answer 27

-Rate of elimination

Question 28

How are drugs generally eliminated?

Answer 28

-Urine

Question 29

What are four places in the body that SLC and ABC transporters are used?

Answer 29

- Small intestine - Liver - Kidney - Brain capilaries

Question 30

What do p-glycoproteins do?

Answer 30

-Transport drug molecule from cells back into the intestinal lumen for excretion

Question 31

What order of drug is it if a constant amount of drug is eliminated per unit time?

Answer 31

-Zero order

Question 32

T/F | Zero order drug is a process that takes place at a constant rate independent of drug concentration involved in process

Answer 32

True

Question 33

What order of drug is it when the process that is directly proportional to the drug concentration involved in process?

Answer 33

-First order

Question 34

What does metabolism of a drug mean?

Answer 34

-A change in the drug

Question 35

When you metabolize drugs what happens to its activity?

Answer 35

-Generally goes inactive but can sometimes become more active

Question 36

What does Phase I of hepatic metabolism mean?

Answer 36

- Oxidation - Reduction - Hydrolysis

Question 37

What type of phase I metabolites are excreted?

Answer 37

-Hydrophilic metabolites all others go to phase II

Question 38

T/F | Cytochrome p450 is associated with microsomes

Answer 38

True

Question 39

What is a key molecule for drug metabolism (oxidation), biotransformation, and detoxification?

Answer 39

-Cyto p450

Question 40

When you have something that increases the activity of a particular p450 enzyme and thus increases metabolism and clearance of a drug what is that called?

Answer 40

-Inducer

Question 41

When you have something that inhibits the activity of a particular p450 enzyme and thus decreases metabolism and clearance of a drug what is that called?

Answer 41

-Inhibitor

Question 42

What occurs in phase II of hepatic metabolism?

Answer 42

-Conjugation that makes the drug more hydrophilic

Question 43

What are the seven types of conjugation found in phase II?

Answer 43

- Glucuronidation - Acetylation - Glutathione - Glycine - Sulfation - Methylation - Water