Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Biochem Human Form and Function > TEST #4 Diabetes mellitus German 12/2/16 > Flashcards

TEST #4 Diabetes mellitus German 12/2/16 Flashcards

(63 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Diabetes mellitus is the inability of the body to regulate what?

A

Blood glucose through insulin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What cells are damaged in type I diabetes?

A

-Loss of insulin producing B-cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What type of diabetes is insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus?

A

-Type I

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What type of diabetes is genetically linked and has juvenile onset?

A

-Type I

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What type of diabetes is non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus?

A

-Type II

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the three components that lead to Type II diabetes?

A
  • Insensitivity to insulin
  • Lifestyle and genetics
  • Adult onset
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What type of diabetes develop during pregnancy?

A

-Gestational

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What type of diabetes is gestational diabetes similar to?

A

-Type II

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

T/F

There are a number of other disorders that may lead to diabetes

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How many people are type I Diabetics in the US?

A

-Around 2 million

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Do you get a higher glucose blood level and insulin blood level increase with starch rich food or sucrose rich food?

A

-Sucrose rich food

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Where are three places that excess glucose is stored as fat?

A
  • Adipose tissue
  • Liver
  • Some target tissue
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Polyuria and thirst are found in which type of diabetics?

A

-Both Type I and Type II but more in type I

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Weakness or fatigue are found in which type of diabetics?

A

-Both Type I and Type II but more in type I

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Polyphagia and weight loss are found in which type of diabetics?

A

-Type I

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Blurred vision are found in which type of diabetics?

A

-Both type I and Type II but more in Type II

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Peripheral neuropathy are found in which type of diabetics?

A

Both Type I and Type II but more in Type II

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Nocturnal enuresis are found in which type of diabetics?

A

-Type I

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are three major signs of diabetes?

A
  • Sweet smelling breath
  • Sweet-smelling urine
  • Impaired wound healing
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

T/F

Type I and II diabetics have different causes but the symptoms of uncontrolled disease are similar

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

When is the onset typically of type I diabetics?

A

-Juvenile

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What happens to plasma glucagon at the onset of Type I diabetes?

A

-It is elevated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

When you have type I diabetes the insulin target tissues such as the liver, muscle, or fat fail to do what?

A

-Properly absorb nutrients

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

T/F
Glucose fats and amino acids released into and dysregulated within the blood stream occur in people with type I diabetes.

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Lack of insulin leads to a dysregulated metabolic state of what?
-Extreme fasting and starvation
26
What does uncontrolled type I Diabetes lead to?
-Ketoacidosis
27
If you have decreased insulin release from the pancreas what hormone do you release less of from the adipose tissue?
-Leptin
28
If you have insulin deficiency what does that do to the glucose in the blood?
-reduced glucose uptake
29
If you have reduced glucose uptake what does that lead to?
- Fatty acid oxidation | - Elevated blood glucose
30
What are the three ketone bodies produced when you have an insulin deficiency?
- Acetone - Acetoacetate - d-B-Hydroxybutyrate
31
When you have an increase of ketone bodies what does that do to the pH of the blood?
-Increases blood acidity
32
If you have elevated blood glucose levels what does that lead to?
-Osmotic Diuresis that leads to dehydration
33
If you have dehydration what does that do to the blood volume?
-Reduces it
34
If you reduce your blood volume what will that do to the concentration of ketone bodies in the blood?
-Elevate them
35
What can reduced blood volume and increased concentrations of ketone bodies lead to?
- Coma | - Tachycardia
36
What are three interventions to combat type I Diabetes?
- Insulin administration - Glucose Monitoring - Diet
37
What type of diet should a Type I diabetic have?
-Low carbohydrate (35% or lower)
38
What is the goal of insulin administration?
-Maintain fasting blood glucose between 80 and 140 mg/dl
39
What are the two approaches for insulin administration?
- Injections | - Pump
40
What is the purpose of basal insulin injections?
-Maintain low level systemic insulin
41
What is the purpose of bolus insulin?
-Given when food is consumed
42
What does a pump do for insulin administration?
- Use a single insulin type - Continuous basal administration - basal insulin when food is consumed
43
What is Hypoglycemia?
-Low blood sugar
44
When a person is hypoglycemic and has exhaustion, loss of lucidity, irritability, blurred vision, or a headache has what type of symptoms?
-Neuroglycopenic
45
When a person is hypoglycemic and has increased heart rate, sweating, trembling, nausea, and hunger what type of symptoms do they have?
-Autonomic symptoms
46
What are the causes of Hypoglycemia?
- Excess insulin - Activity - Insufficient food - Ilness
47
What do you do to treat Hypoglycemia?
- Immediate sugar - Glucagon - Test blood sugar - Repeatedly test - Call 911
48
If a person is Hyperglycemic what might be some signs?
- Headache - Nausea - Thirst, dry mouth - Excessive urination - Ketones - Blurred vision
49
What are the causes of hyperglycemia?
- High blood sugar - lack of insulin - Inactivity - Excess food - Illness
50
What is the treatment for someone who is hyperglycemic?
- Insulin - Oral hypoglycemic - Activity - Diet
51
What are some long-term diabetic complications?
- Cardiovascular disorders - Blindness - Kidney Disease - Neurologic complications - Impaired wound healing
52
T/F Type II diabetics have a progressive increase in fasting glucose due to reduced insulin sensitivity followed by a degeneration of insulin production
True
53
What are three possible mechanisms of insensitivity in type II diabetics?
- Adipokine signaling - Ectopic lipid storage and free fatty acids - Inflammatory signaling
54
T/F | Adipose signaling may drive type II diabetes
True
55
What are three management approaches to treat type II diabetes?
- Lifestyle - Oral hypoglycemics - Insulin
56
What do oral hypoglycemics do?
- Increase insulin secretion - Increase insulin sensitivity - Decrease carbohydrate absorption
57
What are three phases of Type II diabetics?
- Insulin resistance - B-cell compensation and stress - B-cell failure and degeneration
58
What are common drugs to treat type II hyperglycemia?
- Sulfonylureas - Metformin - Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated receptor agonists - Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors - Drug combinations
59
What are the five ways to detect diabetes?
- Urinalysis - Glucose monitoring - HBA1c - Glucose tolerance test - C-peptide test
60
What diabetic test tells you what the general concentration of glucose has been for the last few weeks?
-HBA1c
61
What test distinguishes between type I and Type II diabetes?
-C-peptide test
62
If you have C-peptide found in the blood what type of diabetes do you have?
-Type II diabetics
63
If you fail your glucose tolerance test but have no C-peptide in the blood what type of diabetes do you have?
-Type I diabetes

Biochem Human Form and Function (28 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions