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Biochem Human Form and Function > TEST #4 Regulation and integration of metabolism German > Flashcards

TEST #4 Regulation and integration of metabolism German Flashcards

(58 cards)

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1
Q

T/F

The nervous system has a top-down oversight of the body’s organ system

A

True

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2
Q

What are two pathways for nervous system control of organ function?

A
  • Autonomic nervous system

- Neuroendocrine system

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3
Q

What are both the ANS and neuroendocrine system controlled by in the brain?

A

-Hypothalamus

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4
Q

What are two pathways of control for the hypothalamus?

A
  • Direct

- Indirect

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5
Q

What does the direct pathway from the hypothalamus control?

A

-ANS

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6
Q

What does the indirect pathway from the hypothalamus control?

A

-Neuroendocrine

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7
Q

If you have innervation of pre-ganglionic neurons what hypothalamus pathway do you use?

A

-Direct

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8
Q

If you have release of pituitary and adrenal cortex hormones what hypothalamus pathway do you use?

A

-Indirect

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9
Q

What are the three parts of the ANS?

A
  • Sympathetic
  • Parasympathetic
  • Enteric
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10
Q

T/F

The ANS has direct innervation of organ systems to unconsciously coordinate and their function

A

True

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11
Q

In both the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems what neurotransmitter is used in the preganglionic neurons?

A

-Acetylcholine

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12
Q

In the parasympathetic nervous system what neurotransmitter is used in post-ganglionic neurons?

A

-Acetylcholine

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13
Q

In the sympathetic nervous system what neurotransmitter is used in post-ganglionic neurons?

A

-Norepinephrine

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14
Q

What neurotransmitter does the enteric nervous system use?

A
  • Acetylcholine
  • Norepinephrine
  • Seritonin
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15
Q

What does the enteric nervous system do?

A
  • Digestive system function

- Movement of food through the gut

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16
Q

What are two metabolic sources of CO2?

A
  • Beta oxidation

- CAC

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17
Q

What do chemoreceptors detect in the blood?

A

-O2 and CO2 composition

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18
Q

What do baroreceptors detect?

A

-Blood pressure

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19
Q

What nucleus do chemoreceptors and baroreceptors feed back to?

A

-Nucleus of the solitary tract

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20
Q

If you have increased blood pressure is the sympathetic or parasympathetic system activated?

A

-Parasympathetic

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21
Q

If you have decreased blood pressure is the sympathetic or parasympathetic system activated?

A

-Sympathetic

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22
Q

Can the gut function independent of the parasympathetic and sympathetic system?

A

-Yes via enteric nervous system

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23
Q

What system responds to peripheral sensory information and higher brain centers?

A

-Neuroendocrine system

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24
Q

What are the three major organs of the neuroendocrine system?

Study These Flashcards
A
  • Hypothalamus
  • Pituitary
  • Adrenal glands
25
T/F | The posterior pituitary uses a portal system.
False | -The anterior pituitary uses a portal system
26
Which part of the pituitary has a two step system?
-Anterior pituitary
27
Hormones released from the pituitary are called what?
-Tropins
28
What is unique about the posterior pituitary?
-The hypothalamus sends a direct axon to the posterior pituitary
29
T/F | Each step in the HPA axis increases the hormone released by 1000 fold
True
30
What system links the Hypothalamus directly do the adrenal medulla?
-Sympathetic
31
What is type of hormone is insulin and glucagon?
-Peptide
32
What is the synthetic pathway of peptides?
-Proteolytic processing of prohormone
33
What is the mode of action of peptides?
-Plasma membrane receptors : second messengers
34
What type of hormone is epinephrine?
-Catecholamine
35
What is the synthetic pathway of catecholamines?
-Tyrosine
36
What is the mode of action of catechoamines?
-Plasma membrane receptors : second messengers
37
What type of hormone is PGE1?
-Eicosanoid
38
What is the synthetic pathway of Eicosanoids?
-From arachidonic acid
39
What is the mode of action of Eicosanoids?
-Plasma membrane receptors : second messengers
40
What hormone from the anterior pituitary targets the adrenal cortex?
-Corticotropin (ACTH)
41
What are five things the liver does to help with metabolism?
- Blood sugar - Carbohydrate storage - Amino acid content - Lipid formation and mobilization - First pass metabolism
42
What are four things the pancreas does to help with metabolism?
- Insulin release - Glucagon release - Large intestine pH buffering - Protease release
43
What does the gallbladder release to degrade lipids?
-Bile salts
44
What is the purpose of the glucose-alanine cycle?
-To transfer amine groups from the muscle to the liver without getting rid of the carbon backbones needed in the CAC
45
The production of cholesterol from acetyl CoA occurs where?
-Liver
46
When adipose tissue fills and reaches capacity what hormone does it release?
-Leptin
47
What does leptin do?
- Inhibit fat synthesis | - Activate Beta oxidation
48
What does the leptin do in the hypothalamus?
-Tells the brain to Eat less and Metabolize more
49
What does Ghrelin do in the hypothalamus?
-Tells the brain to eat more and metabolize less
50
What is the first step for the Beta cells in the pancreas to release insulin?
-The Beta cell takes in glucose and converts it to ATP
51
What does the ATP build up in the Beta cell in the pancreas lead to?
-Stops the flow of ATP gated K+ channel leading to a raised membrane potential
52
After the ATP gated K+ channel is closed and the membrane potential raises in Beta cells what occurs?
-The Voltage gated Ca2+ channels open allowing Ca2+ into the cell.
53
Once Ca2+ gets into the Beta cell what does that ultimately lead to?
-Vesicular release of insulin
54
At low concentrations of glucose what occurs in the Alpha cell in the pancreas?
-Glucagon is released
55
What two hormones inhibit glucagon release?
- Insulin | - Somatostatin
56
What does insulin drive?
- Glucose uptake - Glycogen storage - Lipid synthesis
57
What does glucagon drive?
- Glucose release - Amino acid breakdown - Fatty acid breakdown
58
What are two fuel sources during starvation?
- Protein from muscles | - Fatty acids from Adipose tissue

Biochem Human Form and Function (28 decks)

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