LL:3)The Anterior Leg and Dorsum of the Foot

Question 1

where does tibia attack proximally

Answer 1

femur

Question 2

which forms part of the knee proximally

a)both
b)tibia
c)fibula

Answer 2

b

Question 3

list the tarsal bones

Answer 3

talus, calcaneus (heel bone), navicular, cuboid and three cuneiforms

Question 4

which tarsal bones articulates with the tibia and fibula at the ankle joint.

Answer 4

Talus

Question 5

what is the forefoot

Answer 5

metatarsals and phalanges

Question 6

what are Metatarsophalangeal joints (MTPJ)

Answer 6

lie between the metatarsals and the proximal phalanges.

Question 7

what is Dorsiflexion

Answer 7

(extension) - at the ankle joint. Positions the foot so the toes point upwards.

Question 8

what is plantar flexion

Answer 8

(extension) - at the ankle joint. Positions the foot so the toes point downwards .

Question 9

The subtalar joint is formed by the articulation of the _____ and the _____

Answer 9

calcaneum and navicular

Question 10

The toes move in the following ways::

Answer 10

● Flexion
● Extension
● Abduction (moving the toes apart)
● Adduction (bringing the toes together)

Question 11

why are MTP joint in toes important

Answer 11

pushing the foot off the ground and forward propulsion during walking and running.

Question 12

What nerve innervates the anterior compartment of leg

Answer 12

deep peroneal nerve.

Question 13

what are the muscles of the anterior compartment of the leg

-originate
-insert

Answer 13

● Tibialis anterior
-O:tibia and interosseous membrane
I: Medial cuneiform

● Extensor hallucis longus (EHL)
-O: fibula and interosseous membrane
-I: Distal phalanx of big toe

● Extensor digitorum longus (EDL)
-O: tibia, fibula and interosseous membrane.
I:Distal phalanges of 2-5

Question 14

what is anterior leg muscles main function

Answer 14

They primarily act as dorsiflexors (extensors) of the foot at the ankle joint and extensors of the toes.

Question 15

where does tibialis anterior insert

Answer 15

medial cuneiform

Question 16

where does Extensor hallucis Longus insert

Answer 16

distal phalanx of the big toe

Question 17

where does Extensor digitorum longus insert

Answer 17

distal phalanges of digits 2-5

Question 18

what are the muscles of the lateral compartment of the leg and where do they originate and insert and invervation

Answer 18

Both innervated by superficial peroneal nerve

● Peroneus longus (fibularis longus)
-O: Fibula
-I: plantar surface of the medial cuneiform bone.

● Peroneus brevis (fibularis brevis)
-O: Fibula
-I:base of the 5th metatarsal.

Question 19

what are the 2 main veins that drain the leg and foot

Answer 19

great and small saphenous vein

Question 20

What do deep veins follow in the leg

Answer 20

the arteries

Question 21

-The superficial peroneal nerve innervates the muscles of the _____ leg.

-The deep peroneal nerve innervates the muscles of the _______ leg.

Answer 21

lateral
anterior

Question 22

where can pulses be palpated around the ankle

Answer 22

-posterior tibial artery is palpable posterior to the medial malleolus

-dorsalis pedis artery is usually easily palpable over the dorsum
of the foot, just lateral to the tendon of extensor hallucis longus, between the firstand second metatarsals

-The popliteal pulse is palpable in the popliteal fossa.

Question 23

what is the blood supply of the anterior compartment of the leg

Answer 23

anterior tibial artery.

Question 24

what is the blood supply of the lateral compartment of the leg

Answer 24

fibular/pereoneal artery

Question 25

what bone infection could occur in an open fractuar of the tibia and why is this a risk due to the location of the tibia

Answer 25

-osteomyelitis -litttle subcutaneous tissues tissue between the anterior surface of the tibia and skin

Question 26

Fractures of the fibular neck, caused by a lateral blow to the leg can injure which nerve and why

Answer 26

The common peroneal nerve lies relatively superficially as it wraps around the neck of the fibula

Question 27

Describe foot drop

Answer 27

Damage to common pereoneal nerve. The foot cannot be dorsiflexed and the toes will drag on the ground when walking.

Question 28

where does the anterior tibial artery come frm

Answer 28

popliteal artery.

Question 29

Which muscles extend the toes? Which nerves innervate them?

Answer 29

- Extensor hallucis longus extends the big toe. - Extensor digitorum longus and extensor digitorum brevis extend toes 2-5. - The deep peroneal nerve innervates them.

Question 30

Which muscles extend the toes? Which nerves innervate them?

Answer 30

- Extensor hallucis longus extends the big toe. - Extensor digitorum longus and extensor digitorum brevis extend toes 2-5. - The deep peroneal nerve innervates them.

Question 31

What movements take place at the ankle joint?

Answer 31

dorsoflexion and plantar flexion

Question 32

What movements occur at the subtalar joint?

Answer 32

Inversion and eversion of the foot.