The Superior Mediastinum and External heart

Question 1

Describe where the mediastinum extends from

Answer 1

• superioroty from the superiorly thoracic aperture to the diaphragm inferiorly
  -sternum anteriorly to the thoracic vertebrae posteriorly.

Question 2

What does the mediastinum contain

Answer 2

-Heart + pericardium
-great vessels
-trachea
-oesophagus
-lymphatic vessels
-veins
-nerves
-thymus

Question 3

Outline contents of superior mediastinum

Answer 3

TOPATST

Trachea
Oesophagus
Phrenic + vagus nerve
Arch of Aorta +. 3 branches
Thymus
superior vena cava + left and right brachiocephalic veins
Thoracic duct

Question 4

Outline contents of the superior mediastinum

Answer 4

TOPATST

Trachea
Oesophagus
Phrenic + vagus nerve
Arch of Aorta +. 3 branches
Thymus
superior vena cava + left and right brachiocephalic veins
Thoracic duct

Question 5

Outline the 3 parts of the aorta in the thorax

Answer 5

Ascending
Descending\
Arch

Question 6

Describe the Ascending aorta

Answer 6

-short first part
-give rise to coronary arteries

Question 7

Describe the Descending aorta

Answer 7

-descends through the posterior mediastinum and into the abdomen, posterior to the diaphramng

Question 8

Describe the Aortic arch

Answer 8

-curves posteriorly
- lies in the superior mediastinum.

Question 9

What 3 branches dos the aortic arch give rise to

Answer 9

Brachiocephalic trunk
Left common carotid
Left subclavian

Question 10

What does the brachiocephalic trunk bifurcate to

Answer 10

Right common carotid
Right subclavian

Question 11

Where are chemoreceptors located in the thorax

Answer 11

Arch of aorta

Question 12

Which nerve do chemoreceptors send information from in the aortic arch

Answer 12

Vagus

Question 13

What is the Ligamentum arteriosum

Answer 13

-connecting between the pulmonary trunk and aortic branch
-cord-like and fibrous

Question 14

What does the superior vena cava do

Answer 14

Delivers deox blood from head neck and upper limbs to R atrium

Question 15

Which union of vessels is the superior vena cava made up of

Answer 15

L+R brachycephalic veins

Question 16

Which union of veins is the brachiocephalic vein

Answer 16

Subclavian vein + internal jugular vein

Question 17

Where does the inferior vena cava return blood to the heart from

Answer 17

All regions inferior to the diaphramng

Question 18

Why is the trachea considered semi rigid

Answer 18

Incomplete rings of hyaline cartilage

Question 19

Function of trachea

Answer 19

-conducts air to and from the left and right main bronchi

Question 20

What location does trachea terminate at

Answer 20

Sternal angle by bifurcating into the left and right main bronchi.

Question 21

Where does trachea extend from

Answer 21

larynx in midline

Question 22

where does Oesophagus extend from

Answer 22

pharynx to stomach

Question 23

is Oesophagus posterior or anterior to trachea

Answer 23

Posterior

Question 24

What type of fibres does the vagus nerve contains

Answer 24

Somatic sensory, somatic motor, parasympathetic

Question 25

The vagus nerves each give rise to a recurrent _____- nerve, which ascend back up to innervate the muscles of the larynx

Answer 25

laryngeal