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ANATOMY > Neuro 4 cerebellum + 4th ventricle > Flashcards

Neuro 4 cerebellum + 4th ventricle Flashcards

1
Q

What is the largest sturcutre in the hindbrain

A

Cerebellum

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2
Q

Main functions of the cerebellum

A

coordination of movement and balance

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3
Q

what is the midline of the cerebellum called

A

vermis

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4
Q

The cerebellum consists of an outer layer of _____ matter, the cortex, and an inner core of _____ matter surrounding centrally placed aggregations of nerve cells, the DEEP NUCLEI

A

grey
white

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5
Q

what are the many fissures on the cerebellum called

A

folia

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6
Q

what are the 3 cerebellar peduncles and whee tay attach to

A

Superior - midbrain
Middle - pons
Inferior - medullar

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7
Q

Where is the cerebellum located

A

-immediately inferior to the occipital and temporal lobes
-within the posterior cranial fossa
-It is separated from these lobes by the tentorium cerebelli, a tough layer of dura mater.

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8
Q

What structure separates pons from cerebellum

A

4th ventricle

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9
Q

what is the black band of nerve cells overlying the crus cerebri

A

substantial nigra

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10
Q

which fissure borders the anterior lobe posteriorly

A

horizontal fissure

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11
Q

what fissure borders the posterior lobe anteriorly

A

horizontal fissure

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12
Q

which fissure divides the posterior and anterior cerebellar lobes

A

Primary fissure

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13
Q

describe the tonsil of the cerebellum

A
  • prominent rounded swelling of the cerebellar cortex anteriorly on either side of the vermis.
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14
Q

Describe the nodule of the cerebellum

A

continuous with the flocculus via a peduncle of white matter.

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15
Q

Describe FLOCCULUS of the cerebellum

A
  • ovoid in shape
    -inferior to inferior peduncles
  • lies immediately posterior to the lateral foramen of the IVth ventricle on each side partly covered by choroid plexus.
    -lies immediately caudal to the entry point of the cranial 8 and is crossed anteriorly by the emerging cranial 10 and 12
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16
Q

describe th FLOCCULO-NODULAR LOBE in the verebellum

A

-flocculus and nodule together
- primarily concerned with vestibular information.

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17
Q

Which tract travels through superior cerebellar peduncle

A

Spinocerebellar

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18
Q

which tract is responsible for sensory input for balance and posture

A

spinocerebellar

19
Q

which tract travels through the middle cerebellar peduncle

A

corticopontocerebellar

20
Q

which tract is responsible for info from primary motor cortex of the motor plan, the same info is going to the spine

A

corticopontocerbellar tract

21
Q

which tract travels through inferior cerebellar peduncle

A

vestibulocerebellar tract

22
Q

which tract is responsible for spatial awareness and balance

A

Vestibulocerebellar tract

23
Q

What is the floor of the 4th ventricle

A

rhomboid fossa

24
Q

where is the dentate nucleus found and what it do

A

-directly lateral to the vermis and just posterolateral to the fourth ventricle
-The dentate nucleus is responsible for the planning, initiation and control of voluntary movements.

25
Q

what are the medial dorsal columns called

A

gracile tubericals

26
Q

what are the lateral dorsal columns called

A

cuneate terbicles

27
Q

what type of information does the gracile fasciculi carry

A

carrying touch, vibration, two-point discrimination and proprioception from the lower limb

28
Q

what type of information does the cuneate fasciculi carry

A

carrying touch, vibration, two-point discrimination and proprioception from the upper limb

29
Q

which sulcus divides the rhomboid fossa into triangular left and right halves.

A

median

30
Q

The hypoglossal trigone/triangle is _______ to the vagal triagnone/triangle

a)superior
b)inferior

A

superior

31
Q

what is, and where is the facial colliculus

A

-bulging formed by the fibres of the facial nerve looping around the abducens nucleus.
-pons

32
Q

What is the Lamina terminalis

A

-hair thin structure from rostrum of corpus calossum and fornix and deepens down forming wall of third ventricle (without this fluid would leak into subarachnoid space)

33
Q

What is the inter thalamic adhesion

A

connects thalamus on each side of the brain

34
Q

What is the hypothalamic sulcus

A

sulcus between thalamus and hypothalamus

35
Q

what Is the calcarine sulcus

A
  • runs posteriorly to reach the occipital pole.
    -The primary visual cortex lies in the walls of the calcarine sulcus.
36
Q

what is the Cingulate sulcus

A

separates the cingulate gyrus which runs above the corpus calossum

37
Q

What is the paracentral gyrus

A

-U-shaped gyrus surrounding the medial extension of
the central sulcus

38
Q

what is the MEDIAL GENICULATE NUCLEUS

A
  • relays auditory information from the midbrain to the auditory cortex
  • passes some fibres via the inferior brachium to the INFERIOR COLLICULI.
39
Q

what is the LATERAL GENICULATE NUCLEUS

A

-relays visual information from the optic nerve to both the visual cortex via the optic radiation (for vision)
- and the SUOERIOR COLLICULI via the superior brachium (for pupillary reflexes).

40
Q

what is the subthalamus

A

-ventral part of the diencephalon below the thalamus and lateral
to the hypothalamus merging posteriorly with the tegmentum

41
Q

Different areas of the cortex are connected by myelinated axons. These form the white matter. There are three main types:

A
  1. ASSOCIATION FIBRES - link cortical regions within one cerebral hemisphere
  2. COMMISSURAL FIBRES - these link similar functional areas of the two hemispheres.
  3. PROJECTION FIBRES - these link the cortex with subcortical structures such as the thalamus and spinal cord via the INTERNAL CAPSULE and the CORONA RADIATA.
42
Q

What is the blood supply to the cerebellum and from which vessels do these arteries usually arise?

A

● Posterior inferior cerebellar arteries from the vertebral arteries.
● Anterior inferior cerebellar arteries from the basilar artery.
● Superior cerebellar arteries from the basilar artery.

43
Q

Describe CSF’s pathway through ventirucular system

A

-lateral –> third (via inter-ventricular foramen), down cerebral –> aqueduct to 4th ventricle

ANATOMY (29 decks)

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