Neuro 4 cerebellum + 4th ventricle

Question 1

What is the largest sturcutre in the hindbrain

Answer 1

Cerebellum

Question 2

Main functions of the cerebellum

Answer 2

coordination of movement and balance

Question 3

what is the midline of the cerebellum called

Answer 3

vermis

Question 4

The cerebellum consists of an outer layer of _____ matter, the cortex, and an inner core of _____ matter surrounding centrally placed aggregations of nerve cells, the DEEP NUCLEI

Answer 4

grey
white

Question 5

what are the many fissures on the cerebellum called

Answer 5

folia

Question 6

what are the 3 cerebellar peduncles and whee tay attach to

Answer 6

Superior - midbrain
Middle - pons
Inferior - medullar

Question 7

Where is the cerebellum located

Answer 7

-immediately inferior to the occipital and temporal lobes
-within the posterior cranial fossa
-It is separated from these lobes by the tentorium cerebelli, a tough layer of dura mater.

Question 8

What structure separates pons from cerebellum

Answer 8

4th ventricle

Question 9

what is the black band of nerve cells overlying the crus cerebri

Answer 9

substantial nigra

Question 10

which fissure borders the anterior lobe posteriorly

Answer 10

horizontal fissure

Question 11

what fissure borders the posterior lobe anteriorly

Answer 11

horizontal fissure

Question 12

which fissure divides the posterior and anterior cerebellar lobes

Answer 12

Primary fissure

Question 13

describe the tonsil of the cerebellum

Answer 13

• prominent rounded swelling of the cerebellar cortex anteriorly on either side of the vermis.

Question 14

Describe the nodule of the cerebellum

Answer 14

continuous with the flocculus via a peduncle of white matter.

Question 15

Describe FLOCCULUS of the cerebellum

Answer 15

• ovoid in shape
  -inferior to inferior peduncles
• lies immediately posterior to the lateral foramen of the IVth ventricle on each side partly covered by choroid plexus.
  -lies immediately caudal to the entry point of the cranial 8 and is crossed anteriorly by the emerging cranial 10 and 12

Question 16

describe th FLOCCULO-NODULAR LOBE in the verebellum

Answer 16

-flocculus and nodule together
- primarily concerned with vestibular information.

Question 17

Which tract travels through superior cerebellar peduncle

Answer 17

Spinocerebellar

Question 18

which tract is responsible for sensory input for balance and posture

Answer 18

spinocerebellar

Question 19

which tract travels through the middle cerebellar peduncle

Answer 19

corticopontocerebellar

Question 20

which tract is responsible for info from primary motor cortex of the motor plan, the same info is going to the spine

Answer 20

corticopontocerbellar tract

Question 21

which tract travels through inferior cerebellar peduncle

Answer 21

vestibulocerebellar tract

Question 22

which tract is responsible for spatial awareness and balance

Answer 22

Vestibulocerebellar tract

Question 23

What is the floor of the 4th ventricle

Answer 23

rhomboid fossa

Question 24

where is the dentate nucleus found and what it do

Answer 24

-directly lateral to the vermis and just posterolateral to the fourth ventricle
-The dentate nucleus is responsible for the planning, initiation and control of voluntary movements.

Question 25

what are the medial dorsal columns called

Answer 25

gracile tubericals

Question 26

what are the lateral dorsal columns called

Answer 26

cuneate terbicles

Question 27

what type of information does the gracile fasciculi carry

Answer 27

carrying touch, vibration, two-point discrimination and proprioception from the lower limb

Question 28

what type of information does the cuneate fasciculi carry

Answer 28

carrying touch, vibration, two-point discrimination and proprioception from the upper limb

Question 29

which sulcus divides the rhomboid fossa into triangular left and right halves.

Answer 29

median

Question 30

The hypoglossal trigone/triangle is _______ to the vagal triagnone/triangle a)superior b)inferior

Answer 30

superior

Question 31

what is, and where is the facial colliculus

Answer 31

-bulging formed by the fibres of the facial nerve looping around the abducens nucleus. -pons

Question 32

What is the Lamina terminalis

Answer 32

-hair thin structure from rostrum of corpus calossum and fornix and deepens down forming wall of third ventricle (without this fluid would leak into subarachnoid space)

Question 33

What is the inter thalamic adhesion

Answer 33

connects thalamus on each side of the brain

Question 34

What is the hypothalamic sulcus

Answer 34

sulcus between thalamus and hypothalamus

Question 35

what Is the calcarine sulcus

Answer 35

- runs posteriorly to reach the occipital pole. -The primary visual cortex lies in the walls of the calcarine sulcus.

Question 36

what is the Cingulate sulcus

Answer 36

separates the cingulate gyrus which runs above the corpus calossum

Question 37

What is the paracentral gyrus

Answer 37

-U-shaped gyrus surrounding the medial extension of the central sulcus

Question 38

what is the MEDIAL GENICULATE NUCLEUS

Answer 38

- relays auditory information from the midbrain to the auditory cortex - passes some fibres via the inferior brachium to the INFERIOR COLLICULI.

Question 39

what is the LATERAL GENICULATE NUCLEUS

Answer 39

-relays visual information from the optic nerve to both the visual cortex via the optic radiation (for vision) - and the SUOERIOR COLLICULI via the superior brachium (for pupillary reflexes).

Question 40

what is the subthalamus

Answer 40

-ventral part of the diencephalon below the thalamus and lateral to the hypothalamus merging posteriorly with the tegmentum

Question 41

Different areas of the cortex are connected by myelinated axons. These form the white matter. There are three main types:

Answer 41

1. ASSOCIATION FIBRES - link cortical regions within one cerebral hemisphere 2. COMMISSURAL FIBRES - these link similar functional areas of the two hemispheres. 3. PROJECTION FIBRES - these link the cortex with subcortical structures such as the thalamus and spinal cord via the INTERNAL CAPSULE and the CORONA RADIATA.

Question 42

What is the blood supply to the cerebellum and from which vessels do these arteries usually arise?

Answer 42

● Posterior inferior cerebellar arteries from the vertebral arteries. ● Anterior inferior cerebellar arteries from the basilar artery. ● Superior cerebellar arteries from the basilar artery.

Question 43

Describe CSF's pathway through ventirucular system

Answer 43

-lateral --> third (via inter-ventricular foramen), down cerebral --> aqueduct to 4th ventricle