Neuro 6 - vertebral column and osteology

Question 1

How many vertebral, thoracic , lumbar, sacral and coccyx

Answer 1

7,12,5,5,4

Question 2

vertebral column transmits the body weight on to the lower limbs through the ________ joints

Answer 2

SACROILLIAC JOINTS

Question 3

The SPINAL CORD and its coverings and the SPINAL NERVES are contained inside the _______ CANAL.

Answer 3

vertebral

Question 4

Note difference on Cervical vertebrae on

Body
Spinous process
Vertebral foramen
Transverse process
Movement allowed
Extras

Answer 4

-squarish
-Bifid
-triangular
-contains transverse foramina
- flexion and extension at the joint between the atlas and the occipital bone, the atlanto-occipital joint and head turning at joint between atlas and axis

Question 5

why in cervical vertebrae is spinous process is short and bifid

Answer 5

to allow ligamentum nuchae to run through it

Question 6

Note difference on Thoracic vertebrae on

Body
Spinous process
Vertebral foramen
Transverse process
Movement allowed

Answer 6

• medium sized and heart shaped
  -project posteriorly but mainly downward
  -guitar body shaped
  -costal facets (1-10 only) on transverse process
  -slight gliding movement

Question 7

Note difference on lumbar vertebrae on

Body
Spinous process
Vertebral foramen
Transverse process
Movement allowed

Answer 7

-large and kidney shaped
-short and broad
-clam shaped
-long and slender with no facets
-flexion–extension and lateral flexion

Question 8

which vertebrae is the vertebra prominent

Answer 8

C7

Question 9

At what lvl of the lumbar vertebrae are the iliac crests

Answer 9

L3-L4

Question 10

Movements of the vertebral column are forward flexion at _____degrees , extensional _____ degrees, lateral flexion at ____ degrees and rotation at ____ degrees

Answer 10

40
15
30
40

Question 11

Rotation is maximum at the ____ region, whereas it is very limited in the _____ spine

pick 2 from

-cervicle
-thoaracic
-lumbar

Answer 11

Thoracic
Lumbar

Question 12

The INTERVERTEBRAL DISCS are strong ___________ structures that can withstand compression forces but are flexible enough to allow movements between the vertebrae.

Answer 12

fibrocartilaginous

Question 13

Each INTERVERTEBRAL disc has two parts, a _______ ______surrounded by an ________ ________.

Answer 13

NUCLEUS PULPOSUS
ANNULUS FIBROSIS

Question 14

The annulus fibrosus is made of 1) _____ concentric layers of 2) ______ whose 3)____ arrangement alters in successive layers

pick best answer for each one

1) 7-9, 8-10, 9-11, 10-12
2) endothelium, collagen, podocytes
3)parallel, oblique

Answer 14

10-12
collagen
obliques

Question 15

nucleus pulposus is a well hydrated gel having ______, _____ and ______ cells

Answer 15

proteoglycan, collagen and cartilage cells

Question 16

Peripherally the annulus fibrosus is attached to the ______ BODIES as well as to the __________ LONGITUDINAL LIGAMENT.

Answer 16

vertebral
Posterior

Question 17

describe the sandwich of the intervertabral down

Answer 17

Hyaline carriage
Annulus fibrosis
Nucleus pulposus
Anulus fibrosis
Hyaline

Question 18

what is the ligament between each spinous

Answer 18

intraspinus ligament

Question 19

what is the ligament running along tips of each spinous

Answer 19

supraspinous ligament

Question 20

which ligament extends between lamina of adjacent vertebrae.

Answer 20

ligamentum flavum

Question 21

which ligament runs along the full length of the anterior vertebral column

Answer 21

anterior longitudinal ligaments

Question 22

which ligament is weaker than the anterior longitudinal ligaments and prevents hyperflexion

Answer 22

posterior longitudinal ligaments

Question 23

which ligament is thick and prevents prevents hyperextension

a) ANTERIOR LONGITUDNAL LIGAMENT
b) POSTERIOR LONGITUDINAL LIGAMENT

Answer 23

ANTERIOR

Question 24

Which ligamentt is thin and prevents hyeprflexion

A) anterior longitudinal ligament
B) Posterior longitudinal ligament

Answer 24

b

Question 25

what is sciatica briefly and its symptoms

Answer 25

Compression or irritation of the sciatic nerve (L5). o Signs and symptoms: ▪ Pain radiating down the buttock, into the leg, down to the calf. ▪ Weakness in dorsiflexion causes foot drop. ▪ Abnormal gait.

Question 26

how many pairs of spinal nerves and how may for each class of vertebrae

Answer 26

31 8 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, 5 sacral and 1 coccygeal.

Question 27

The DORSAL ROOT of the spinal nerve carries ______ fibres. a)sensory b)parasympathetic c)sympathetic b) motor

Answer 27

sensory

Question 28

Dorsal root ganglion and has a DORSAL ROOT GANGLION which houses the cells of origin of the _____ _____ fibre

Answer 28

dorsal root

Question 29

The VENTRAL (ANTERIOR) ROOT, is ____ a) sensory b) parasympatheric C) sympathetic d) motor

Answer 29

motor

Question 30

the anterior and dorsal roots join together at the ______ foramen to form the SPINAL NERVE

Answer 30

intervertebral

Question 31

on emerging from the foramen, the SPINAL NERVE immediately divides into the anterior and posterior ____

Answer 31

rami

Question 32

the anterior and posterior rami contain ____ fibres a)sensory b)motor c) both

Answer 32

both

Question 33

both The lumbar and sacral nerve roots below the termination of the cord form the ______ _______

Answer 33

CAUDA EQUINA

Question 34

where do the spinal nerves leave the vertebral canal

Answer 34

INTERVERTEBRAL FORAMEN

Question 35

where anterior and posteriorly does the intervertebral Forman lie

Answer 35

Anteriorly, bounded by the bodies of the adjoining vertebrae and intervertebral disc. Posteriorly bounded by the SYNOVIAL JOINTS between the two superior and two inferior ARTICULAR PROCESSES.

Question 36

below the dura and arachnoid mater, which space does the spinal nerve lies in

Answer 36

subarachnoid space

Question 37

The spinal cord ends at the interval between the first and second _____ vertebrae

Answer 37

lumbar

Question 38

with regard to the spinal cord, what is the CONUS MEDULLARIS

Answer 38

tapering of the cord

Question 39

with regard to the spinal cord, what is the FILUM TERMINALE

Answer 39

a fibrous strand extending from the conus medullaris to coccyx.

Question 40

The subarachnoid space and CSF extend into the upper half of the _____

Answer 40

sacrum (sacral canal)