LO1

Question 1

definition: the study of the diversity of organisms and their evolutionary relationships

Answer 1

systematics

Question 2

This arranges organisms into groups based on similarities that reflect their evolutionary relationships

Answer 2

systemic classification

Question 3

Who developed a standardized classification scheme

Answer 3

Linnaeus

Question 4

What was Linnaeus’s classification not focused on

Answer 4

evolutionary relationships

Question 5

definition: a unique standardized two part name for each species

Answer 5

binomial nomenclature

Question 6

What is the first part of a binomial nomenclature

Answer 6

a genus names

Question 7

is a genus name capitalized?

Answer 7

yes

Question 8

What is the second part of a binomial nomenclature?

Answer 8

the specific epithet

Question 9

Is the specific epithet capitalized?

Answer 9

no

Question 10

definition: organisms are placed into increasingly broader catergories

Answer 10

hierarchical classification

Question 11

What is the basic unit of classification?

Answer 11

species

Question 12

What is the highest level of classification?

Answer 12

domain

Question 13

Dear King Phillip Came Over For Good Soup… what does this sound like

Answer 13

Kingdom, Domain, Phylum, Class ,Order, Family, Genus, Species .

Question 14

What is the goal of systematics?

Answer 14

phylogenies

Question 15

What tells the evolutionary history of a group of organisms

Answer 15

a phylogeny

Question 16

definition: a branching diagram that depicts hypothesized evolutionary relationships

Answer 16

a phylogenetic tree

Question 17

These show the pattern of evolutionary relationships?

Answer 17

the branches of a phylogeny tree

Question 18

definition: extant

Answer 18

living

Question 19

definition: a group of organisms at any taxonomic level

Answer 19

taxon

Question 20

What do internal branches represent

Answer 20

the ancestors of the the external branches

Question 21

What do the external branches represent?

Answer 21

the living organisms

Question 22

definition: represents the last common ancestor

Answer 22

a node

Question 23

definition: represents the most recent common ancestor of all of the taxa

Answer 23

root

Question 24

where is the root located?

Answer 24

at the base of the tree

Question 25

What does it mean when branches diverge?

Answer 25

they were speciated

Question 26

definition: when a new species is created through a geographic barrier

Answer 26

allopatric speciation

Question 27

definition: when a new species is created in the same area as the original species due to an isolation factor

Answer 27

sympatric speciation

Question 28

When building phylogenetic trees what kind of characters are prefered

Answer 28

homologous characters

Question 29

definition: a type of information used to build a tree

Answer 29

character

Question 30

definition: when an organisms shares a similar character because they inherited it from their common ancestor

Answer 30

homology

Question 31

examples of ______ are vertebrates and beetles who have similar DNA Nucleotide sequences

Answer 31

homologous characters

Question 32

These are avoided when making a phylogeny

Answer 32

homoplasious characters

Question 33

definition: when a organisms shares a similar character due to convergent evolution

Answer 33

homoplasy

Question 34

definition: occurs when natural selection independently produces similar adaptation in organisms under similar environmental pressures

Answer 34

convergent evolution

Question 35

examples of ____________ include sugar gliders and flying squirrels

Answer 35

convergent evolution

Question 36

Bats and butterflies wings are an example of what? And why?

Answer 36

homoplasy characters because they did not inherit their wing structures from a common ancestor

Question 37

These are shared derived characters

Answer 37

synapomorphies

Question 38

definition: homologous characters that are unique to a particular group of organisms

Answer 38

synapomorhies

Question 39

these characters were inherited from the MRCA and are used to define related groups of organisms

Answer 39

synapomorphies

Question 40

an example of a _____________ is hair on mammals

Answer 40

synapomorphy

Question 41

What does a monophyletic group include?

Answer 41

an ancestor and all of its decendents

Question 42

monophyletic groups are defined by what?

Answer 42

many synapomorphies

Question 43

definition: contains a CA and some but not all of its decendents

Answer 43

a paraphyletic group

Question 44

these groups share ancestral characters

Answer 44

paraphyletic groups

Question 45

an example of a _________- group is the old class reptilia that excludes the birds

Answer 45

paraphyletic groups

Question 46

This is used to determine if the homologous characters used to build a phylogeny are ancestral or derived

Answer 46

outgroups

Question 47

It is presumed to have diverged earlier than the taxa being studies

Answer 47

outgroup

Question 48

an example of an ___________- is the primate phylogeny where a mammal that is not a primate is used as an example

Answer 48

outgroup

Question 49

outgroups are useful in phylogeny reconstructions because they provide a good approximation of the characteristics of the _______- of the ingroup

Answer 49

ancestors

Question 50

definition: a common criterion for constructing phylogenies

Answer 50

principle of parsimony

Question 51

definition: the most simple explanation is the most likely one

Answer 51

parsimony

Question 52

What are the three domains of life?

Answer 52

Archaea, eukarya, and bacteria

Question 53

these domains consist of unicellular prokaryotes

Answer 53

Bacteria and Archaea

Question 54

This domain is comprised of unicellular and multicellular organisms with membrane-bound organelles and a nucleus

Answer 54

Eukarya

Question 55

The domain that shares the MRCA with domain eukarya is what?

Answer 55

Arachaea