LO6

Question 1

Which eukaryotic clade does fungi belong to?

Answer 1

unikont

Question 2

Which eukaryotic groups are the closest relatives of fungi

Answer 2

animals and choanoflagelletes

Question 3

What is an important synapomorphy of the opisthokonts

Answer 3

single posterior flagellum

Question 4

the oldest fossils of fungi date to?

Answer 4

550 mya

Question 5

Which group of eukaryotes probably depended heavily on fungi to help them colonize lang?

Answer 5

early fungi

Question 6

definition: when the fungi provides additional mineral and water to plant roots, and plants provide organic nutrients to fungi

Answer 6

mycorrhizae relationships

Question 7

Fungi are typically found in what king of habitats?

Answer 7

moist terrestrial

Question 8

Fungi are __________ and _________

Answer 8

heterotrophs and chemotrophs

Question 9

What does it mean that fungi externally digest their food?

Answer 9

they secrete digestive enzymes onto the foods and then absorb it

Question 10

What is the principle component of the fungal cell wall

Answer 10

chitin

Question 11

What is the general name for unicellular fungi

Answer 11

yeast

Question 12

most fungi are what (unicellular/multicellular)

Answer 12

multicellular

Question 13

sporangia are made from hyphae that grow where?

Answer 13

aboveground

Question 14

Sporangia produce and specialize what?

Answer 14

spores

Question 15

a complex aboveground sporangia would be called?

Answer 15

fruiting bodies

Question 16

Budding is a form of what kind of reproduction?

Answer 16

asexual

Question 17

Budding produces what kind of copy of the parent cell?

Answer 17

genetically identical

Question 18

provide one example of a type of fungus that reproduces by budding

Answer 18

yeasts

Question 19

during asexual reproduction spores are produced by the process of what?

Answer 19

mitosis

Question 20

definition: fusion of cytoplasm

Answer 20

plasmogamy

Question 21

what type of cell does plasmogamy result in?

Answer 21

dikaryotic (n+n)

Question 22

definition: fusion of nuclei

Answer 22

karyogamy

Question 23

what type of cell does karyogamy result in?

Answer 23

diploid zygote nucelus

Question 24

After karyogamy the zygote nuclei undergo what process?

Answer 24

meiosis

Question 25

After karyogamy meiosis produces what?

Answer 25

genetically different haploid spores

Question 26

How is a diploid cell different from a dikaryotic cell?

Answer 26

- 2 sets of chromosomes in a nucleus - 2 separate haploid nuclei

Question 27

A common name for the fruiting body of a basidiomycete fungus is what?

Answer 27

mushroom

Question 28

Under shich conditions might a fungus reproduce sexually

Answer 28

when they come into contact with another fungus of their species

Question 29

Under which conditions might a fungus reproduce asexually?

Answer 29

When the environment is good

Question 30

Which group of animals is being significantly affected by pathogenic chytrids

Answer 30

amphibian populations

Question 31

which ancestral characteristic has been retained in chytrids, but has been lost in other fungal groups

Answer 31

single posterior flagellum

Question 32

definition: forms when fungal hyphae extend into cell walls of plant roots cells to facilitate exchange of nutrients, minerals, and water between a fungus and plant

Answer 32

endomycorrhizae

Question 33

Glomeromycetes live exclusively

Answer 33

underground

Question 34

List one synapomorphy that supports group ing the ascomycetes and basidiomycetes together as sister taxa

Answer 34

prolonged dikaryotic stage

Question 35

What is the difference between endo- and extomycorrhizae

Answer 35

- exto doesnt penetrate plant roots and

Question 36

What are examples of ascomycetes?

Answer 36

yeasts, food molds, mildews, morels, and truffles

Question 37

What are examples of basidiomycete

Answer 37

mushrooms and bracket fungi

Question 38

What is the primary ecological role of fungi?

Answer 38

terrestrial decomposers

Question 39

Fungi that live in the digestive tracts of herbivores form what kind of relationship with their herbivore host?

Answer 39

mutualistic

Question 40

What do fungi contribute to the symbiotic relationship?

Answer 40

help herbivore break down otherwise indigestible plant materials

Question 41

What do herbivore contribute to the symbiotic relationship?

Answer 41

food and habitat

Question 42

What are two ways that lichens are ecologically important

Answer 42

- form soil - food source

Question 43

The main cause of plant disease are what?

Answer 43

fungi

Question 44

List two pathogenic fungi gain entry into plant internal tissues

Answer 44

- stunted growth of plant parts - wart like growths

Question 45

In yeast infections, athlete's foot, and ___________, pathogenic fungi infect the superficial outer layers of _____

Answer 45

ringworm; skin

Question 46

Yeast infections are caused by a fungus that normally resides on our body without causing problems, but that can cause an infection under what conditions

Answer 46

when immune systems is compromised

Question 47

The general name for the type of pathogen that causes an infection when immune systems are compromised?

Answer 47

opportunistic pathogen

Question 48

What is histoplasmosis and what causes is?

Answer 48

lung infection; inhaling pathogenic spores

Question 49

definition: fungal component of the human microbiome

Answer 49

mycrobiome

Question 50

Do humans always have fungi in and on our bodies?

Answer 50

yes

Question 51

Are all of the fungi in our bodies bad?

Answer 51

no