LO10

Question 1

what are the four types of animal tissues

Answer 1

epithelial, connective, muscle and nervous tissues

Question 2

How do cells end up structurally and functionally different from each other

Answer 2

different gene expression

Question 3

definition: are formed from on or more layers of cells that are tightly fitted together

Answer 3

epithelial tissues

Question 4

definition: surface of an epithelial tissue is exposed

Answer 4

apical surface

Question 5

definition: epithelial tissue attached to a basement membrane

Answer 5

basal surface

Question 6

what are the different types of epithelial cells

Answer 6

squamous, cuboidal, or columnar

Question 7

What would happen to epithelial tissues if they were damaged?

Answer 7

they would be regenerated from epithelial stem cells

Question 8

definition: there are no blood vessels

Answer 8

avascular

Question 9

what are the four functions of epithelial tissues

Answer 9

protection, absorption, diffusion, sensation

Question 10

definition: folds on the plasma membrane that increase surface area

Answer 10

microvillia

Question 11

where are microvilli found

Answer 11

apical surface of epithelial

Question 12

what is the function of the microvilli?

Answer 12

absorbtion

Question 13

definition: moves substances across surfaces

Answer 13

cilia

Question 14

where are cilia found?

Answer 14

respiratory epithelia

Question 15

What is an exocrine gland?

Answer 15

it secretes substances onto a surface

Question 16

what are examples of exocrine glands?

Answer 16

hormones, enzymes, sweat, mucus, saliva

Question 17

What are the two components of an epithelial membrane?

Answer 17

• epithelial tissue
• connective tissue

Question 18

What is the difference between a mucous and a serous membrane

Answer 18

mucous lines body cavities that open and serous membranes don’t

Question 19

what are the four animal body tracts that are lined by mucous membranes?

Answer 19

• digestive
• resprtory
• excretory
• reproductive

Question 20

What are three body cavities that are lined by serous membranes

Answer 20

• pleural (lung)
• pericardial (heart)
• peritoneal (abdominal)

Question 21

what are the three types of protein fibers found in connective tissues?

Answer 21

• collagen, reticular, elastic

Question 22

definition: produces the fibers and polysaccharids and proteins of the matrix

Answer 22

fibroblasts

Question 23

If a connective tissue is damaged can it be repaired and replaced?

Answer 23

yes, capable of regeneration

Question 24

what does connective tissues made up of?

Answer 24

cells, fibers, and matrix

Question 25

what are the three general functions of connective tissue?

Answer 25

connect, cushion, support

Question 26

defintion: connective tissues attach skin to underlying muscles

Answer 26

loose tissues

Question 27

definition: form the outer covering around nerves, blood vessels and muscles

Answer 27

loose tissues

Question 28

forms the dermis

Answer 28

dense tissues

Question 29

form tendons that attach muscle to bone and ligaments that attach bone to bone

Answer 29

dense tissues

Question 30

definition: provides stretch to the lungs and walls of arteries

Answer 30

elastic tissue

Question 31

definition: stores fat, insulates the body, and cushions some organs

Answer 31

adipose

Question 32

definition: connective tissues that offer flexible support

Answer 32

cartilage

Question 33

tissue that attaches muscle for movement in sharks and jawless fish

Answer 33

cartilage

Question 34

definition: connective tissues that offer strong support

Answer 34

bone tissues

Question 35

this type of tissue attaches to muscle for movement in bony vertebrates

Answer 35

bone

Question 36

definition: connective tissues that transports materials

Answer 36

blood

Question 37

this kind of tissue contracts for movement

Answer 37

muscle tissue

Question 38

like epithelial cells, muscle cells are also?

Answer 38

fitted tighly together

Question 39

what two proteins work together to make muscle cells contract

Answer 39

actin and myosin

Question 40

if muscle tissue is damages can it be readily repaired and replaced?

Answer 40

no

Question 41

definition: causes the heart to contract

Answer 41

cardiac the heart to contract

Question 42

definition: attaches to bone for movement

Answer 42

skeletal

Question 43

definition: moves internal organs

Answer 43

smooth

Question 44

definition: are the extensions off of the cell body of a neuron that receive electrical signal from other neurons

Answer 44

dendrites

Question 45

definition: are the extensions off of the cell body of a neuron that transmits electrical signals to another neuron

Answer 45

axon

Question 46

if nervous tissue is damages, can it be repaired and replaced

Answer 46

yes/no it only is used for certain regions

Question 47

definitions: cells found in nervous tissue that do not transmit electrical impulses but rather support neurons are what

Answer 47

glial

Question 48

definition: dynamic equilibrium internal conditions are maintainance

Answer 48

homeostasis

Question 49

difference between a conformer and a regulator

Answer 49

conformer matches the surrounding environment and the regulator maintains internal conditions

Question 50

examples of a conformer

Answer 50

marine intevertebrates

Question 51

examples of regulation

Answer 51

mammals

Question 52

definition: change in an internal state triggers a change in the body that reverse the change

Answer 52

negative feedback

Question 53

blood glucose is a negative feedback process which means what?

Answer 53

blood glucose levels increase, body will respond and decrease blood glucose levels

Question 54

definition: detects a change

Answer 54

sensor

Question 55

definition: determines a repsponse

Answer 55

integrator

Question 56

definition: carries our response

Answer 56

effector

Question 57

in the regulation of blood sugar the sensor is....

Answer 57

the pancreas

Question 58

in the regulation of blood sugar the integrator is....

Answer 58

the pancreas

Question 59

in the regulation of blood sugar the effector is....

Answer 59

insulin

Question 60

how is positive feedback different from negative feedback?

Answer 60

it creates a larger deviation from homeostasis

Question 61

what is a beneficial example of positive feedback?

Answer 61

labor

Question 62

what is a harmful example of positive feedback?

Answer 62

hemorrhaging

Question 63

in terms of body temperature ectotherms are...

Answer 63

conformers

Question 64

in terms of body temperature endotherms are...

Answer 64

regulators

Question 65

what are two advanges of being an ectotherm

Answer 65

more energy to grow and they require less food

Question 66

what is a disadvantage of being an ectotherm

Answer 66

external temp determines energy

Question 67

what is an advantages of being an endotherm

Answer 67

rapid response to stimuli

Question 68

what is a disadvantage of endotherms

Answer 68

high energy cost

Question 69

on a warm day an ectotherm would have what kind of metabolic rate would it be?

Answer 69

high

Question 70

on a warm day an endotherm would have what kind of metabolic rate would it be?

Answer 70

high

Question 71

on a cool day an ectotherm would have what kind of metabolic rate would it be?

Answer 71

low

Question 72

on a cool day an endotherm would have what kind of metabolic rate would it be?

Answer 72

high

Question 73

in endotherms is thermoregulation accomplished by positive or negative feedback?

Answer 73

negative feedback

Question 74

during thermoregulation what is the sensor

Answer 74

specialized neurons

Question 75

what is the integrator in the thermoregulation

Answer 75

temp regulating center in hypothalamus

Question 76

what are the effectors when the body needs to cool down?

Answer 76

- find shade -muscle activity decreases - blood vessels in skin dilate - sweating increases/panting

Question 77

what about when it needs to warm up?

Answer 77

- put jacket on - muscle shiver -blood vessels contract