Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Biology II > LO7 > Flashcards

LO7 Flashcards

(86 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Which eukaryotic clade do animals belong to?

A

opisthokonts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the closest relatives of animals

A

choanoflagellates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

animals are made of cells that lack ______?

A

lack cell walls

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is true regarding motility for animals?

A

they always move at some point during their life cycle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are synapomorphy of animals that are only found this group?

A

collagen, nervous tissue, and muscle tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

From what type of organisms did animals evolve?

A

colonial choanoflagelletes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what type of animals are the earliest known animal fossils

A

sponges

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

how old were the ancient sponge fossils?

A

more than 635 years old

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

These kind of fossils are always small, simple, and soft bodied

A

ancient fossils older than 541 million years old

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

ancient fossils of spongers were found on every continent except?

A

Antartica

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

When was the Cambrian period?

A

528-485

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

definition: seemingly rapid appearance in the fossil record of most or major animal groups

A

cambrian radiation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Which changing environmental condition could have caused the cambrian radiation?

A

increase in O2 levels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

The Cambrian period was important because it was the first time that animals were what?

A

large, complex, hard body parts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Over what time period did the cambrian radiation happen

A

a 40 year period

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

in the diploid dominant animal life cycle, what does meiosis produce?

A

haploid gametes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

in the diploid dominant animal life cycle, what does fertilization produce

A

diploid zygote

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

in the diploid dominant animal life cycle, what does mitosis produce

A

diploid adult

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

In animal sexual life cycle which stage is dominant?

A

diploid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Where are flagella located on sperm?

A

posteriarlly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

definition: sexually immature stage that is typically different from the adult

A

larva

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

How is a larva typically different from the adult animal they will become?

A

Appearance and ecology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

definition: the dramatic physiological change that allows a larva to transform into its adult form

A

metamorphosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

definition: describes how body structures are arranged relative to the body axis

A

symmetry

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Symmetry is directly related to what?
the way an animal moves
26
what is an example of an animal that is asymmetrical
sponges
27
What are two animal groups that have radial symmetry
cnidarians and adult echinoderms
28
What type of movement is associated with cnidarians and adult echinoderms
no movement
29
definition: a concentration of sensory structures in the head (i.e a brain)
cephalization
30
definition: any division through the central axis of the body produces equal halves
radial symmetry
31
In what animals is radial symmetry found in?
animals that do no move or have weak undirected movements
32
definition: a division through the midline of the body produces equal halves
bilateral symmetry
33
definition: has two embryonic tissue layers
diploblast
34
What is an example of a diploblast organism?
cnidarians
35
definition: has three embryonic layers
triploblast
36
what are the three layers in a triploblast?
outer ectoderm, middle mesoderm, inner endoderm`
37
What did the mesoderm give rise to?
internal organs and tissues
38
How are triploblasts classified by?
body cavity type
39
definition: a fluid filled body cavity
coelom
40
where is the coelom found?
between the digestive tract and the outer body wall
41
What are some advantages of a coelom?
- support and aid w/movement - provide cushioning and space for internal organs
42
what do acoelomate animals lack?
a coelom
43
What does protostome mean and why?
- first mouth - because the first opening in the embryo becomes the mouth
44
What two things do protostomes have?
spiral cleavage and determinate development
45
This kind of cleavage results in embryonic cells that are diagonal to one another
spiral cleavage
46
definition: occurs when the developmental fate of each embryonic cell is determined early on
determinate development
47
What does deuterostome mean and why?
second mouth - the first embryonic opening becomes the anus and the second becomes the mouth
48
What are two things that deuterostome have?
radial cleavage and indeterminate development
49
This kind of cleavage results in embryonic cells that are stacked on top of each other
radial cleavage
50
definition: occurs when each embryonic cell of an embryo retains the capacity to develop into a complete embryo
indeterminate development
51
What is an important synapomorphy of the Eumetazoan clade
true tissues
52
Which animal group is excluded from the Eumetazoan clade?
sponges
53
What are synapomorphies of the Bilateria clade
- bilateral symmetry - triploblasty - coelom
54
What are the two major bilateria clades
protostomes and deuterostomes
55
What animal characteristics do sponges lack?
- symmetry - tissues - nerve and muscle cells
56
What are two animal characteristics that sponges possess
- collagen - free swimming larval stage
57
what is the function of a sponge collar cell?
capture food particles
58
What other organisms is a sponge structurally identical to
choanoflagellates
59
what are collar cells used for?
capture food particles
60
definition: are simple aquatic diploblasts with radial symmetry
cnidarians
61
What nervous system do cnidarians have?
decentralized network
62
Do cnidarians have a brain? A nerve cord?
they dont have either
63
How do cnidarians move?
- weak swimmers - non motile
64
definition: a colony of individuals that each secrete a hard CaCO3 skeleton
coral
65
How do coral get most of their food?
from zooxanthellae
66
definition: when a stressed coral expels its zooxanthellae
coral bleaching
67
Why are bilateral animals more complex then sponges and cnidarians
they have triploblasts, coelom, degree of cephalization
68
Most bilateral animals are either protostomes or deuterostomes
protostomes
69
What body systems did tapeworms lose as they adapted to a parasitic lifestyle
- digestive - nervous
70
where would you find a tapeworm
in a host
71
most of a tapeworms function is where?
in reproductive organs
72
new tapeworms are released into the environment via the host's what?
feces
73
what is an open circulatory system?
blood is not always contained within vessels
74
What are some disadvantages of an open circulatory system?
- lower blood pressure - less efficient oxygenation --> lower metabolic rate
75
How does having an open circulatory system affect mollusk movement?
it makes them slow and sluggish
76
What makes cephalopods have more complex movements
closed circulatory system
77
what does the degree of cephalization relate to?
the way an animal moves
78
What do complex, directed and/or fast movements require?
a concentration of neurons
79
what allows cephalopod mollusks to be fast swimmers
well-developed brain
80
Why did bivalve mollusks adapt to their non-moving lifestyle
because they lost their head
81
what is an animal body shape that has evolved multiple times independently because it is efficient for crawling and burrowing
worm like body
82
what kind of body is the most efficient way to move?
elongated body
83
definitions: segmented worms that use a hydrostatic skeleton to move their elongated bodies
annelids
84
how do animals with a hydrostatic skeleton. move?
muscles in the body wall contract, displacing body fluid, and moving some part of the animal
85
What is a benefit of segmentation
body parts are more specialized
86
what are some benefits of having a larval stage?
- doesnt compete w/adults for resources - can be dispersed

Biology II (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions