LO4

Question 1

eukaryotes have many ___________

Answer 1

membrane bound organelles

Question 2

eukaryotes have cells with a complex ___________

Answer 2

cytoskeleton

Question 3

eukaryotes have what kind of chromosomes

Answer 3

multiple, linear

Question 4

Are eukaryotes multicellular or unicellular

Answer 4

most are multicellular but fungi and protists are unicellular

Question 5

how do eukaryotes undergo cell division

Answer 5

using mitosis and meiosis+cytokinesis

Question 6

When did eukaryotes evolve from simpler prokaryotic cells

Answer 6

more than 2.2 BYA

Question 7

the earliest eukaryotes were ________

Answer 7

unicellular

Question 8

How did eukaryotes evolve?

Answer 8

plasma membrane infolding

Question 9

plasma membrane infolding led to the origins of what organelles

Answer 9

nucleus and ER

Question 10

definition: explains the origins of mitochondria and chlorplasts

Answer 10

serial endosymbiosis

Question 11

What does the serial endosymbiosis theory explain

Answer 11

that ancestors of mitochondria and chloroplasts were free-living bacterial cells prior to 2.2 bya

Question 12

What are the origins of mitochondria

Answer 12

• free living aerobic bacteria was engulfed
• became aerobic endosymbionts
• permanent mutualism and eventually become mitochondria

Question 13

What are the origins of the chloroplast

Answer 13

• ancient cyanobacteria were engulfed by heterotrophic eukaryotic cells
• became photosynthetic endosymbionts

Question 14

Chloroplast evolution involved _______ endosymbiotic events

Answer 14

multiple

Question 15

________ endosymbiosis gave rise to chloroplast in the archaeplastics

Answer 15

primary

Question 16

_______ endosymbiotic events led to dinoflagellates, brown algae to evolve

Answer 16

secondary

Question 17

What is the evidence for the serial endosymbiosis

Answer 17

• own genetic material and protein synthesis
• single, circular DNA
• replicate binary fission
• have a double memrane

Question 18

The former Kingdom Protista is ___________

Answer 18

paraphyletic

Question 19

How many eukaryotic clades are recognized

Answer 19

five

Question 20

Which clades have only protists

Answer 20

three the excavates, chromalveolates and rhizarians

Question 21

Which clades have protists and other eukaryotic groups

Answer 21

two archaeplastid and the unikont

Question 22

the traits found in this tree are ________

Answer 22

homoplasius

Question 23

examples of some of the homoplasious characters

Answer 23

multicellularity and photosynthetic

Question 24

protists are what?

Answer 24

mostly unicellular eukaryotes found in aquatic habitats

Question 25

What do protists form?

Answer 25

the bases of aquatic food chains

Question 26

What protists are important primary producers

Answer 26

photoautotrophic protists

Question 27

______________ protists are free-living and ingest food often by phagocytosis

Answer 27

chemoheterotrophic

Question 28

are protist motile?

Answer 28

most are

Question 29

definition: cytoplasm extension that allow for a crawl like movement

Answer 29

pseudopodia

Question 30

definition: long whiplike movement organelle

Answer 30

flagella

Question 31

definition: short hair liek movement organelles

Answer 31

cilia

Question 32

What are ways protist move?

Answer 32

pseudopodia, flagella, cilia

Question 33

Most protist reproduce ______

Answer 33

asexually

Question 34

dinoflagellates are ecologically important ____________

Answer 34

phytoplankton

Question 35

definition: floating aquatic organisms that are photosynthetic

Answer 35

phytoplankton

Question 36

definitions: are flagellate chromalveolates

Answer 36

dinoflagellates

Question 37

dinoflagellates sometimes cause _______

Answer 37

red tide

Question 38

definition: algae population bloom in warm, nutrient rich waters

Answer 38

red tide

Question 39

definition: are dinoflagellates that are endosymbionts of corals

Answer 39

zooxanthellae

Question 40

Zooxanthellae provide nutrition through?

Answer 40

photosynthesis

Question 41

definition: are animal parasites

Answer 41

apicomplexans

Question 42

What do apicomplexans use to attach to their animal host cells

Answer 42

apical complex of microtubules

Question 43

what causes malaria

Answer 43

plasmosdium

Question 44

When does plasmodium undergo sexual reproduction

Answer 44

in mosquito host

Question 45

when does plasmodium undergo asexual reproduction

Answer 45

in human hosts

Question 46

What does plasmodium infect?

Answer 46

blood and liver tissues of humans

Question 47

these are chromalveolates

Answer 47

brown algae

Question 48

definition: are ecologically important multicellular algae in shallow marine habitats

Answer 48

brown algae

Question 49

definition: gas filled spheres used for flotations

Answer 49

gas bladders

Question 50

Brown algae provides primary productive to what kind of ecosystems

Answer 50

kelp forest

Question 51

archaeplastida arose from ________ endosymbiosis

Answer 51

primary

Question 52

what are examples of archaeplastids

Answer 52

red, and green algae and plants

Question 53

all archaeplastida are what?

Answer 53

photoautotrophs and chloroplast structure

Question 54

What are the closest relatives of land plants?

Answer 54

green algae

Question 55

definition: clade of heterotrophic eukaryotes

Answer 55

unikonts

Question 56

definition: have a single posterior flagellum(sperm and spores)

Answer 56

unikonts

Question 57

definition: have two anterior flagella

Answer 57

bikonts

Question 58

definition: are a subclade within the unikonts that include the fungi, choanoflagellates, and animals

Answer 58

opisthokonts

Question 59

definition: are aquatic unicellular protists

Answer 59

choanoflagellates

Question 60

What are the closest relatives of animals?

Answer 60

choanoflagellates