Lower GI Tract

Question 1

Name the parts of the Lower GI Tract

Answer 1

Caecum
Appendix
Colon
Rectum
Anal Canal
Anus

Question 2

List functions of Large Intestine (ACE)

Answer 2

Absorption (H2O & Vitamins)
Compaction of faeces
Expulsion of Faeces
(ACE)

Question 3

Name given to longitudinal bands of smooth muscle in large intestine

Answer 3

Teniae coli

Question 4

Name given to series of pouches which give colon a segmented appearance

Answer 4

Haustra

Question 5

Name given to small pouches of fat that are attached to teniae coli

Answer 5

Epiploic appendages

Question 6

What is the name of the first part of the large intestine?

Answer 6

Caecum

Question 7

Where is the Caecum located?

Answer 7

Right iliac fossa

Question 8

The ileum opens into the large intestine at the _____________ junction

Answer 8

ileocaecal junction

Question 9

What is the name of the valve guarding the ileocaecal junction?

Answer 9

ileocaecal valve

Question 10

What type of tissue is found in the wall of the appendix?

Answer 10

Lymphoid tissue

Question 11

Which aspect of the caecum does the appendix arise?

Answer 11

Posteromedial

Question 12

Name the four parts of the colon

Answer 12

Ascending
Transverse
Descending
Sigmoid

Question 13

The ascending colon is retroperitoneal? True or false

Answer 13

True

Question 14

What is the hepatic flexture?

Answer 14

The point at which the ascending colon bends before it becomes the transvers colon

Question 15

What attaches the transverse colon to the abdominal wall?

Answer 15

Transverse mesocolon

Question 16

What is the splenic flexure?

Answer 16

The point where the transverse colon ends

Question 17

The descending colon is fixed to the posterior abdominal wall which is described as being?

Answer 17

Retroperitoneal

Question 18

How is the sigmoid colon attached to the posterior abdominal wall?

Answer 18

By the sigmoid mesocolon

Question 19

What is the function of the rectum

Answer 19

Temporary storage of faeces

Question 20

Is the internal anal sphincter under voluntary or involuntary control?

Answer 20

Involuntary

Question 21

Is the external sphincter under voluntary or involuntary control?

Answer 21

Voluntary

Question 22

What is the function of goblet cells in large intestine?

Answer 22

Mucous to lubricate faeces

Question 23

What vitamins are synthesized in the large intestine and reabsorbed by the body?

Answer 23

B & K

Question 24

What is the composition of faecal matter?

Answer 24

75% water
5% bacteria
20% undigested matter and epithelial cells

Question 25

What is the name given to the mechanism of mixing chyme in the large intestine?

Answer 25

Haustral churning

Question 26

What is triggered by the distended haustra?

Answer 26

Smooth muscle contraction

Question 27

What are Mass Movements?

Answer 27

Powerful peristaltic contractions that push bolus into rectum.

Question 28

How are Mass movements in the large intestine stimulated?

Answer 28

Distension of stomach and duodenum

Question 29

What is the defecation reflex?

Answer 29

Faeces move towards anus, Internal anal sphincter relaxes and faeces move into anorectal canal. External anal sphincter contracts