Flashcards in Urinary System Deck (49)
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1
List the organs that make up the Urinary system
Kidney
Ureters
Urinary Bladder
Urethra
2
How large is an average sized kidney
11cm long
6cm wide
3cm thick
3
Where are the kidneys located in the body
Posterior to (behind) abdominal wall
Inferior to (below) diaphragm
4
What is the Hillum?
Site of the kidney where renal arteries enter and veins and ureters leave
5
Which border is the Hillum of the kidney located?
Medial
6
What is the function of the Ureters?
Carry urine from Kidney to Bladder
7
How long are the Ureters?
25-30cm long
8
Which ureter is longer and why?
The right ureter because the right kidney is positioned higher than the left.
9
What movement occurs in the ureter and how often?
Peristalsis
4-5 times per minute
10
Describe the structure of a ureter.
Thick walled, narrow tube - 3mm diameter
11
What is the function of the Urinary bladder?
Storage of urine
12
How much urine can the bladder hold
Normally 230-300ml
Up to 500ml but this is painful
13
How many layers of tissue does the bladder have and what are they known as?
3 layers
Serous
Muscular
Inner mucous coat
14
What is the function of the uretha?
Pass urine to exterior
15
How long is the urethra in men and women?
Men - 18-20cm long
Women - 4cm long
16
How does the male and female urethra differ in function?
In women it serves the urinary system only
In men it is a common canal for reproductive and urinary system
17
List the functions of the Kidney
Body fluid Volume and osmolality Regulation
Electrolyte balance
Formation of urine through which metabolic waste products and toxins are released
Acid-base balance
Production of hormones and enzymes
18
What is Osmolality?
The concentration of solutes in the body fluid
19
What is the functional unit of the kidney known as?
Nephron
20
What are the component parts of the nephron in order?
Glomerulus
Bowman's Capsule
Proximal Convoluted Tubule
Loop of Henle (Descending Limb)
Loop of Henle (Ascending Limb)
Distal convoluted Tubule
Collecting Duct
21
Name the four stages of blood filtration occurring in the nephron.
Glomerular Filtration
Tubular Reabsorption
Tubular Secretion
Water Conservation
22
What type of arteriole enters the glomerular capsule?
Afferent
23
What type of arteriole leaves the glomerular capsule?
Efferent
24
How is kidney disease diagnosed?
By reference to Glomerular Filtration rate
25
What is the definition of chronic kidney disease?
GFR <60ml /min for more than 3 months
26
How many stages are there to kidney disease?
5
27
What is stage 5 kidney disease more commonly known as?
Renal failure or end stage renal disease
28
What are the only available treatments for stage 5 kidney disease?
Renal dialysis or transplantation
29
What is a normal GFR?
90-140 ml / min
30
