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Anatomy & Physiology > Endocrine System > Flashcards

Endocrine System Flashcards

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1
Q

Which two hormones are released from the posterior pituitary?

A

Oxytocin

ADH/Vasopressin

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2
Q

What hormones are released by the Anterior Pituitary gland?

A 
TSH
ACTH
Prolactin
FSH
LH
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3
Q

What hormones synthesised by the Hypothalamus affect the Anterior Pituitary

A 
GHRH
GHIH
TRH
CRH
PRH
LHRH
GnRH
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4
Q

Which hormones does the Thyroid Gland Release?

A

T3
T4
Calcitonin

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5
Q

Which hormones does the Parathyroid gland release?

A

PTH (Parathormone)

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6
Q

What hormones are released by the Pancreatic Islets?

A

Glucagon
Insulin
Somatostatin

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7
Q

Where are Adrenocorticoids released from?

A

Adrenal Cortex

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8
Q

What are the names of the different Adrenocorticoids?

A

Glucocorticoids
Mineralocorticoids
Androgens

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9
Q

Which hormones are released from the Adrenal Medulla?

A

Adrenaline

Noradrenaline

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10
Q

Which hormones are released from the Ovaries?

A

Oestrogen
Progesterone
Inhibin
Relaxin

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11
Q

Which hormones are released by the testes?

A

Testosterone

Inhibin

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12
Q

What hormones are released by the kidneys?

A

EPO

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13
Q

What hormones are released by the Gastro-Intestinal Tract?

A

Gastrin
Secretin
Cholecystokinin (CCK)

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14
Q

What hormone is released by Adipose Tissue?

A

Leptin

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15
Q

What hormone is released in the heart?

A

Atrial Natriuretic Peptide (ANP)

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16
Q

What hormone is released by the placenta?

A

hCG

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17
Q

What hormone is released by the Thymus?

A

Thymosin

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18
Q

Which hormone is controlled by GHRH?

A

Growth Hormone

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19
Q

What hormones are controlled by GHIH?

A

Growth Hormone

Thyroid Stimulating Hormone

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20
Q

What hormone is controlled by TRH?

A

Thyroid Stimulating Hormone

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21
Q

Which Hormone is controlled by CRH?

A

ACTH

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22
Q

What hormone is controlled by PRH?

A

Prolactin

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23
Q

What hormone is controlled by PIH?

A

Prolactin

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24
Q

What hormone is controlled by LHRH?

A

Follicle Stimulating Hormone

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25
What hormone is controlled by GnRH?
Luteinising Hormone
26
Growth Hormone affects what areas of the body?
Most tissues and many organs
27
What is the alternative name for Growth Hormone Release Inhibiting Hormone?
Somatostatin
28
What are the target glands or tissues affected by GHRIH?
Thyroid Gland Pancreatic islets Most Tissues
29
What is the target gland for TSH?
Thyroid
30
What is the target tissue for PRL or PIH?
Breast
31
What is the target tissue for FSH and LH?
Ovaries and Testes
32
Function of Growth Hormone?
Regulates metabolism | Promotes tissue growth (esp. bones & muscles)
33
Function of Thyroid Stimulating Hormone?
Stimulates growth and activity of thyroid gland and secretion of T3 and T4
34
Function of Adrenocorticotrophic hormone?
Stimulates the adrenal cortex to secrete glucocorticoids
35
Function of prolactin?
Stimulates growth of breast tissue and milk production
36
Function of FSH?
Stimulates production of sperm, Stimulates secretion of oestrogen, Maturation of ovarian follicles, Ovulation
37
Function of LH?
Stimulates secretion of testosterone by the testes, | Stimulates secretion of progesterone by the corpus luteum
38
What is T3?
Tri-iodothyronine
39
What is T4?
Thyroxine
40
What mineral is essential for the formation of thyroid hormones?
Iodine
41
Why are thyroid hormones referred to as T3 and T4?
Refers to the number of iodine atoms on each molecule
42
What stimulates the release of TRH? | LESSM
``` Low Plasma Glucose Levels Exercise Stress Sleep Malnutrition ```
43
What triggers the release of PTH?
A fall in blood calcium levels
44
How does PTH affect blood calcium?
It raises levels of blood calcium
45
What are the target tissues of PTH?
Small intestine Renal Tubules Osteoclasts
46
What cells in the thyroid gland release calcitonin?
Parafollicular or C-Cells
47
How does Calcitonin affect the blood?
Reduces blood calcium levels
48
What triggers calcitonin?
If blood calcium levels are too high
49
What are the target tissues of Calcitonin?
Bone Cells | Kidney Tubules
50
What affect does calcitonin have on the renal tubules?
Inhibits reabsorption of calcium in the tubules
51
How does Calcitonin affect bone cells?
Promotes the storage of calcium
52
How do thyroid hormones affect cells?
They enter the nucleus and regulate gene expression | Enhance effects of other hormones e.g. adrenaline/noradrenaline
53
Which is more potent, T3 or T4?
T3
54
Which is more abundant, T3 or T4?
T4
55
What are hormones?
Chemical Messengers
56
Where are lipid and protein hormone receptors located in target cells?
Lipid - inside the cell | Protein - On cell membrane
57
Where is the pituitary gland located?
Hypophyseal fossa of the sphenoid bone below the hypothalamus
58
What is an alternative name for the Posterior Pituitary Gland?
Neurohypophysis
59
What is an alternative name for the anterior pituitary gland?
Adenohypophysis
60
How large is the pituitary gland?
500g - size of a pea
61
What is an up growth of glandular epithelium from the pharynx?
Anterior Pituitary Gland
62
What is a down growth of nervous tissue from the brain?
Posterior Pituitary Gland

Anatomy & Physiology (24 decks)

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