Endocrine System

Question 1

Which two hormones are released from the posterior pituitary?

Answer 1

Oxytocin

ADH/Vasopressin

Question 2

What hormones are released by the Anterior Pituitary gland?

Answer 2

TSH
ACTH
Prolactin
FSH
LH

Question 3

What hormones synthesised by the Hypothalamus affect the Anterior Pituitary

Answer 3

GHRH
GHIH
TRH
CRH
PRH
LHRH
GnRH

Question 4

Which hormones does the Thyroid Gland Release?

Answer 4

T3
T4
Calcitonin

Question 5

Which hormones does the Parathyroid gland release?

Answer 5

PTH (Parathormone)

Question 6

What hormones are released by the Pancreatic Islets?

Answer 6

Glucagon
Insulin
Somatostatin

Question 7

Where are Adrenocorticoids released from?

Answer 7

Adrenal Cortex

Question 8

What are the names of the different Adrenocorticoids?

Answer 8

Glucocorticoids
Mineralocorticoids
Androgens

Question 9

Which hormones are released from the Adrenal Medulla?

Answer 9

Adrenaline

Noradrenaline

Question 10

Which hormones are released from the Ovaries?

Answer 10

Oestrogen
Progesterone
Inhibin
Relaxin

Question 11

Which hormones are released by the testes?

Answer 11

Testosterone

Inhibin

Question 12

What hormones are released by the kidneys?

Answer 12

EPO

Question 13

What hormones are released by the Gastro-Intestinal Tract?

Answer 13

Gastrin
Secretin
Cholecystokinin (CCK)

Question 14

What hormone is released by Adipose Tissue?

Answer 14

Leptin

Question 15

What hormone is released in the heart?

Answer 15

Atrial Natriuretic Peptide (ANP)

Question 16

What hormone is released by the placenta?

Answer 16

hCG

Question 17

What hormone is released by the Thymus?

Answer 17

Thymosin

Question 18

Which hormone is controlled by GHRH?

Answer 18

Growth Hormone

Question 19

What hormones are controlled by GHIH?

Answer 19

Growth Hormone

Thyroid Stimulating Hormone

Question 20

What hormone is controlled by TRH?

Answer 20

Thyroid Stimulating Hormone

Question 21

Which Hormone is controlled by CRH?

Answer 21

ACTH

Question 22

What hormone is controlled by PRH?

Answer 22

Prolactin

Question 23

What hormone is controlled by PIH?

Answer 23

Prolactin

Question 24

What hormone is controlled by LHRH?

Answer 24

Follicle Stimulating Hormone

Question 25

What hormone is controlled by GnRH?

Answer 25

Luteinising Hormone

Question 26

Growth Hormone affects what areas of the body?

Answer 26

Most tissues and many organs

Question 27

What is the alternative name for Growth Hormone Release Inhibiting Hormone?

Answer 27

Somatostatin

Question 28

What are the target glands or tissues affected by GHRIH?

Answer 28

Thyroid Gland Pancreatic islets Most Tissues

Question 29

What is the target gland for TSH?

Answer 29

Thyroid

Question 30

What is the target tissue for PRL or PIH?

Answer 30

Breast

Question 31

What is the target tissue for FSH and LH?

Answer 31

Ovaries and Testes

Question 32

Function of Growth Hormone?

Answer 32

Regulates metabolism | Promotes tissue growth (esp. bones & muscles)

Question 33

Function of Thyroid Stimulating Hormone?

Answer 33

Stimulates growth and activity of thyroid gland and secretion of T3 and T4

Question 34

Function of Adrenocorticotrophic hormone?

Answer 34

Stimulates the adrenal cortex to secrete glucocorticoids

Question 35

Function of prolactin?

Answer 35

Stimulates growth of breast tissue and milk production

Question 36

Function of FSH?

Answer 36

Stimulates production of sperm, Stimulates secretion of oestrogen, Maturation of ovarian follicles, Ovulation

Question 37

Function of LH?

Answer 37

Stimulates secretion of testosterone by the testes, | Stimulates secretion of progesterone by the corpus luteum

Question 38

What is T3?

Answer 38

Tri-iodothyronine

Question 39

What is T4?

Answer 39

Thyroxine

Question 40

What mineral is essential for the formation of thyroid hormones?

Answer 40

Iodine

Question 41

Why are thyroid hormones referred to as T3 and T4?

Answer 41

Refers to the number of iodine atoms on each molecule

Question 42

What stimulates the release of TRH? | LESSM

Answer 42

``` Low Plasma Glucose Levels Exercise Stress Sleep Malnutrition ```

Question 43

What triggers the release of PTH?

Answer 43

A fall in blood calcium levels

Question 44

How does PTH affect blood calcium?

Answer 44

It raises levels of blood calcium

Question 45

What are the target tissues of PTH?

Answer 45

Small intestine Renal Tubules Osteoclasts

Question 46

What cells in the thyroid gland release calcitonin?

Answer 46

Parafollicular or C-Cells

Question 47

How does Calcitonin affect the blood?

Answer 47

Reduces blood calcium levels

Question 48

What triggers calcitonin?

Answer 48

If blood calcium levels are too high

Question 49

What are the target tissues of Calcitonin?

Answer 49

Bone Cells | Kidney Tubules

Question 50

What affect does calcitonin have on the renal tubules?

Answer 50

Inhibits reabsorption of calcium in the tubules

Question 51

How does Calcitonin affect bone cells?

Answer 51

Promotes the storage of calcium

Question 52

How do thyroid hormones affect cells?

Answer 52

They enter the nucleus and regulate gene expression | Enhance effects of other hormones e.g. adrenaline/noradrenaline

Question 53

Which is more potent, T3 or T4?

Answer 53

T3

Question 54

Which is more abundant, T3 or T4?

Answer 54

T4

Question 55

What are hormones?

Answer 55

Chemical Messengers

Question 56

Where are lipid and protein hormone receptors located in target cells?

Answer 56

Lipid - inside the cell | Protein - On cell membrane

Question 57

Where is the pituitary gland located?

Answer 57

Hypophyseal fossa of the sphenoid bone below the hypothalamus

Question 58

What is an alternative name for the Posterior Pituitary Gland?

Answer 58

Neurohypophysis

Question 59

What is an alternative name for the anterior pituitary gland?

Answer 59

Adenohypophysis

Question 60

How large is the pituitary gland?

Answer 60

500g - size of a pea

Question 61

What is an up growth of glandular epithelium from the pharynx?

Answer 61

Anterior Pituitary Gland

Question 62

What is a down growth of nervous tissue from the brain?

Answer 62

Posterior Pituitary Gland