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Integumentary System Flashcards

1
Q

List the functions of the integumentary system

A 
Protection
Excretion
Prevention of tissue dehydration (dessication)
Support and Shape
Regulation of Body Temperature
Energy Reserves
Sensation
Vitamin D synthesis
Absorption
Body Odour
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2
Q

List the layers of the Epidermis from inner to outer

A 
Stratum Basale
Stratum Spinosum
Stratum Granulosum
Stratum Lucidum
Stratum Corneum
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3
Q

What type of tissue is the epidermis made of

A

Stratified Squamous Epithelium

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4
Q

Why is the epidermis referred to Avascular

A

It does not have direct blood supply. The Basal layer receives nourishment for the Dermal layer which has a rich blood supply

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5
Q

What are the majority of the cells in the epidermis

A

Keratinocytes

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6
Q

What type of cells can be found in the stratum basale

A

Stem Cells
Melanocytes
Simple cuboidal keratinocytes

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7
Q

What cell division takes place in the Stratum Basale

A

Mitosis

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8
Q

What promotes mitosis in the Stratum Basale

A

A peptide - Epidermal Growth factor

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9
Q

How else is the stratum basale referred to?

A

Basal Layer

Stratum Germinativum

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10
Q

How many layers of cells are in the stratum spinosum

A

8-10

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11
Q

Why is the Stratum spinosum sometimes referred to as the Horny layer?

A

Cells within it have a prickly shape

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12
Q

What are merkel discs and where are they located?

A

Tactile nerve endings sometimes found in Stratum Spinosum

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13
Q

What do merkel discs respond to?

A

Touch

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14
Q

Which layer gives skin it’s strength and flexibility?

A

Stratum Spinosum

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15
Q

In which two layers of the skin are melanocytes located?

A

Stratum Basale & Spinosum

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16
Q

What give the Stratum Granulosum it’s granular appearance?

A

Lamellar Granules

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17
Q

What function do the Lamellar Granules have?

A

They are secretory organelles

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18
Q

What substance do the cells of the Stratum Granulosum produce?

A

Keratohyalin

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19
Q

What is the precursor to keratin and where is it produced in the epidermis?

A

Keratohyalin produced in the Stratum Granulosum

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20
Q

What happens to the shape of cells in the Stratum Granulosum?

A

They become flatter

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21
Q

How many layers are there in the Stratum Lucidum?

A

3-5 Layers

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22
Q

What is the substance that is found in the Stratum Lucidum that gives it a translucent appearance?

A

Eleidin - substance in between keratohyalin and keratin

23
Q

Which parts of the body is stratum lucidum present?

A

Soles of feet and palms of the hands

24
Q

How many layers of cells are present in the Stratum Corneum?

A

25-30 layers

25
Are the cells in the stratum corneum dead or alive?
Dead
26
What is desquamation?
The process of shedding of the dead cells of the stratum corneum
27
What type of tissue makes up the Dermis layer of the skin?
Connective Tissue
28
What are the two layers of the dermis?
``` Papillary Layer (upper layer) Reticular Layer (lower layer) ```
29
What is the deepest layer of the integumentary system?
Subcutaneous layer or Hyperdermis
30
What structures make up the integumentary system?
``` Skin Hair Sweat Glands Nails Sensory Receptors accessory structures) ```
31
How does integumentary system provide physical protection?
``` Keratin - Heat, chemicals, abrasion Keratinocytes - microbes Lipids - inhibit evaporation Perspiration - acidic pH retards growth Sebum - bacteriacidal chemicals Melanin - UV damage ```
32
What are the two types of sweat glands found in the skin
Apocrine & Eccrine
33
What is the difference between Apocrine and Eccrine sweat glands
Apocrine glands are not active until puberty and secrete a viscous sweat directly into the hair follicle. Eccrine glands produce watery sweat that tends to be excreted directly onto the skin
34
What are the properties of collagen fibres?
Strength and extensibility (stretch)
35
What are the properties of elastic fibres?
Elasticity (recoil)
36
What are Striae more commonly known as?
Stretch Marks
37
What fibres, when combined with water give the dermis tensile strength?
Collagen Fibres
38
What structures in the dermis, give rise to fingerprints?
Dermal Papillae
39
What important structures do the dermal papillae contain?
Capillaries and pain and touch receptors
40
What are meissners corpuscles and where are they located?
light touch receptors found in the papillary layer of the dermis
41
What are pacinian corpuscles and where are they located?
Deep pressure receptors found in the reticular layer of the dermis
42
Secretions from which gland are affected by bacterial sometimes causing body odour?
Apocrine glands
43
Where in the dermis are phagocytes located?
Reticular layer
44
What cell types are contained in the dermis?
Mast Cells Fibroblasts Macrophages
45
What function does adipose tissue provide?
Insulation | Protection of some vital organs such as kidneys
46
Where on the body would you not expect to find sebaceous glands?
On the palms of hands or soles of feet.
47
By what other name are the eccrine glands known as?
Sudoriferous glands
48
Where on the body are the highest concentrations of the Apocrine sweat glands?
Axillary and genital areas
49
Where are sebaceous gland ducts commonly located?
Hair follicles
50
List the functions of Sebum.
Lubricant keep skin and hair soft Kill bacteria Become active in presence of male sex hormones
51
Why are sudoriferous glands supplied with nerve endings?
To monitor body temperature and external temperature and when either are too high they can detect this triggering the production of sweat to aid in cooling the skin.
52
Are the glands located in the skin endocrine or exocrine glands?
Exocrine - they release secretions to the skin via ducts
53
Sympathetic Nervous system stimulates which muscle found in the dermis and linked to the hair follicle?
Arrector Pili muscle

Anatomy & Physiology (24 decks)

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