MACROSCOPIC AND MICROSCOPIC ANALYSIS OF THE URINARY SYSTEM

Question 1

COMPONENTS OF URINARY SYSTEM

Answer 1

-Kidneys
-Bladder
-Ureters
-Urethra

Question 2

RENAL FUNCTIONS

Answer 2

1. Acid-Base Balance
2. Excretion of metabolic wastes
3. Excretion of bioactive substances
4. Secretion of renin
5. Secretion of erythropoietin
6. Conversion of Vitamin D
7. Gluconeogenesis

Question 3

• stains darker than medulla

Answer 3

Cortex

Question 4

contains 8-12 renal pyramids containing a
renal lobe

Answer 4

Medulla (inner)

Question 5

• apical end contains renal papilla and minor calyx
  that eventually become one of three major clayces
• are separated by structures called renal columns

Answer 5

Renal Pyramids

Question 6

• Where renal artery and vein are located
• The ureter exits the kidney from here

Answer 6

Renal Hilum

Question 7

• Largest
• Divides into 2 segmental arteries at hilum

Answer 7

Renal Artery

Question 8

• Branch from segmental arteries
• Extend between renal pyramids towards
  corticomedullary junction

Answer 8

Interlobar Arteries

Question 9

• Branches from interlobar arteries

Answer 9

Arcurate Arteries

Question 10

• Branches from arcurate arteries
• Extend all the way to renal cortex

Answer 10

Interlobular Arteries

Question 11

• Where blood is filtered in the kidney
• drained by efferent arterioles

Answer 11

glomeruli

Question 12

• branch into peritubular capillaries

Answer 12

Efferent arterioles

Question 13

Functional units of the kidney
* 1- 4 million

Answer 13

NEPHRONS

Question 14

Major Divisions of Nephron

Answer 14

1. Renal Corpuscle
2. Proximal Tubule
3. Loop of Henle
4. Distal Tubule
5. Connecting Tubule

Question 15

• links nephron to collecting ducts

Answer 15

Connecting Tubule

Question 16

• Dilated part enclosing a tuft of capillary loops
• SITE OF BLOOD FILTRATION

Answer 16

RENAL CORPUCSCLE

Question 17

RENAL CORPUCSCLE Contains the ff

Answer 17

• Glomerulus
• Glomerular Capsule ( Bowman’s Capsule)
• Podocytes

Question 18

> Simple Squamous Epithelial

Answer 18

• Glomerular Capsule ( Bowman’s Capsule)

Question 19

> Satellite Epithelial Cells
Compose the apparatus for renal filtration

Answer 19

Podocytes

Question 20

GLOMERULUS Three Parts:

Answer 20

1. Fenestrated Capillary Endothelium
2. Fused Basal Laminae
3. Slit Pores

Question 21

> Contains Type IV Collagen
Produced by Podocytes

Answer 21

Fused Basal Laminae

Question 22

For Reabsorption and Secretion of Substances

Answer 22

NEPHRON TUBULES

Question 23

• located at renal cortex

Answer 23

Proximal Convoluted Cuboidal Tubule

Question 24

Proximal Convoluted Cuboidal Tubule

Answer 24

> Simple Cuboidal Cells
Contains Microvilli
Abundant Mitochondria
Basolateral Folds

Question 25

Proximal Convoluted Cuboidal Tubule Molecules Reabsorbed:

Answer 25

-Glucose -Amino Acids -Electrolytes -Water

Question 26

- With Thin Ascending and Thin Descending parts -contains SQUAMOUS epithelial - Also contains Thick Ascending Limb > Further thickens to macula densa

Answer 26

Loop of Henle

Question 27

- Specialized smooth muscle cells - Have juxtaglomerular cells > Secrete renin

Answer 27

Macula Densa

Question 28

Where Electrolyte Levels are adjusted further

Answer 28

Distal Convoluted Tubule

Question 29

- Join to form the cortical collecting ducts > simple cuboidal epithelium

Answer 29

Connecting Tubules

Question 30

> pale staining > few mitochondria > contain cell membranes rich in aquaporins - for passive water reabsorption > delivers filtrate of plasma into minor calyces

Answer 30

Principal Cells

Question 31

urine is also called

Answer 31

Filtrate

Question 32

The calyces, renal pelvis, ureters, and urinary bladder are lined by

Answer 32

urothelium

Question 33

- Contain Large Bulbous superficial cells called umbrella cells that contain uroplakin > protect cytoplasm

Answer 33

UROTHELIUM

Question 34

- Where urine temporarily is stored - Contains folded mucosa which unfold as bladder fills. - Transitional epithelium gets thinner as bladder fills

Answer 34

URINARY BLADDER

Question 35

- Drains the bladder - Lined initially by urothelium

Answer 35

URETHRA

Question 36

is followed by stratified and pseuostratified columnar epithelium

Answer 36

Urothelium

Question 37

Male Urethra has three regions:

Answer 37

> Prostatic Urthera > Membranous Urethra > Penile Urethra

Question 38

> Last portions of male urethra is

Answer 38

stratified squamous epithelium