MACROSCOPIC AND MICROSCOPIC ANALYSIS OF THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM

Question 1

• supplies the: Right Atrium, Right Ventricle, parts of Left Ventricle (posterior side, by the posterior interventricular artery)

Answer 1

Right Coronary Artery (RCA)

Question 2

Left Ventricle and a small portion of the Right Ventricle (via the Left Anterior Descending Artery), LA auricle

Answer 2

Left Coronary Artery (LCA )

Question 3

non muscular extension of the atria, adds volume to chambers of heart

Answer 3

LA auricle

Question 4

• Passes along the IV groove to the apex of the heart
• Supplies adjacent part of the ventricles; gives rise to a lateral branch that descend on the anterior surface of the heart

Answer 4

Left Anterior Descending Artery (LAD)

Question 5

• Runs through the left border of the heart to its posterior surface
• Left marginal branch: follows the left margin of the
  heart; supplies the left ventricle
• Terminates in the coronary sulcus in the posterior
  aspect of the heart

Answer 5

Circumflex artery

Question 6

• Venous drainage of most of the coronary circulation
• Empties into the RA, via the

Answer 6

Coronary sinus

Question 7

Drains the areas of the heart supplied by the LCA

Answer 7

Great cardiac vein

Question 8

Accompanies posterior IV artery

Answer 8

Middle cardiac vein

Question 9

Accompanies right marginal artery

Answer 9

Small cardiac vein

Question 10

Drains directly into the right atrium

Answer 10

Anterior cardiac vein

Question 11

Major veins draining into the coronary sinus:

Answer 11

a.) Great cardiac vein
b.) Middle cardiac vein
c.) Small cardiac vein
d.) Anterior cardiac vein

Question 12

Main branches of the arch of the aorta:

Answer 12

1. Brachiocephalic trunk
2. Left common carotid
3. Left subclavian

Question 13

• Arises posterior to the manubrium
• Anterior to the trachea and posterior to the left of the brachiocephalic vein
• Branches into right subclavian and right common carotid arteries

Answer 13

Brachiocephalic trunk

Question 14

• Arises posterior to the manubrium, slightly posterior and to the left of the brachiocephalic trunk
• Enters the neck by passing posterior to the left SC joint

Answer 14

Left common carotid

Question 15

Arises from the posterior part of the arch, just posterior to the left common carotid artery

Answer 15

Left subclavian

Question 16

• Begins on the left side of the inferior border of the body of the T4 vertebra
• Descends in the posterior mediastinum on the left sides of T5- T12 vertebrae
• Branches of descending aorta

Answer 16

Thoracic Aorta

Question 17

First branch of abdominal aorta; supplies inferior portion of diaphragm

Answer 17

Inferior phrenic artery

Question 18

Supplies stomach and liver, first half
of duodenum

Answer 18

Coeliac artery

Question 19

• Last half of duodenum, small intestine, parts of large intestine, pancreas
• Supplies part of the gastrointestinal tract derived from midgut

Answer 19

Superior mesenteric artery

Question 20

• Large intestine: distal third of transverse colon up to the rectum
• Supplies part of gastrointestinal tract derived from the hindgut

Answer 20

Inferior mesenteric artery

Question 21

• Kidney
• Arise at the level of the IV disc between L1 and L2
  vertebrae

Answer 21

Renal artery

Question 22

Supply blood to gonads

Answer 22

Gonadal artery

Question 23

testicular artery; transverses inguinal canal and
enters scrotum; supplies abdominal ureter, and
epididymis

Answer 23

Gonadal artery Male

Question 24

ovarian artery; supplies abdominal and /or
pelvic ureter, ovary, and ampullary end of uterine tube

Answer 24

Gonadal artery Female

Question 25

supplies blood to posterior abdominal wall

Answer 25

(Four to five) Lumbar arteries

Question 26

branches off into internal and external iliac arteries

Answer 26

Common iliac arteries

Question 27

Drains blood from the liver into the IVC just inferior the diaphragm

Answer 27

Right, middle, and left hepatic veins

Question 28

- Drains each kidneys into the IVC - Lie anterior to the right and left renal arteries

Answer 28

Renal veins

Question 29

empties directly into IVC

Answer 29

Right gonadal vein

Question 30

empties into renal vein; testicular / ovarian vein

Answer 30

Left gonadal vein

Question 31

worm-like structure found more commonly in the veins of the left scrotum, because of higher pressure in the left renal vein

Answer 31

Varicosyl

Question 32

VEINS IN THE ABDOMINAL CAVITY

Answer 32

2.) Right, middle, and left hepatic veins 4.) Right gonadal vein 5.) Left gonadal vein 6.) Varicosyl 7.) Common internal and external iliac veins

Question 33

3 Concentric Layers of Blood Vessels:

Answer 33

1. Tunica Intima 2. Tunica Media 3. Tunica Adventitia

Question 34

- includes the endothelium, connective tissue, and an internal elastic lamina

Answer 34

Tunica Intima

Question 35

contains alternating layers of smooth muscle and collagen or elastic lamellae

Answer 35

Tunica Media

Question 36

contains connective tissue, small vessels and nerves and vasa vasorum

Answer 36

Tunica Adventitia

Question 37

Arteries:

Answer 37

1.Elastic 2.Muscular 3.Small

Question 38

Microvasculature

Answer 38

1. Arteioles 2. Capillaries 3. Venules

Question 39

Veins

Answer 39

1. Small 2. Medium 3. Large

Question 40

- aka Conducting Arteries - with fenestrated elastic laminae in the thick tunica media - Contains Vasa Vasorum

Answer 40

Large Elastic Arteries

Question 41

-less elastic material than Elastic Artery - Distribute blood to all organs and maintain steady blood pressure and flow with vasodilation and constriction

Answer 41

Muscular Arteries

Question 42

- no vasa vasourm - Distribute blood to arterioles, adjusting flow with vasodilation and constriction

Answer 42

Small Arteries

Question 43

Microvasculature

Answer 43

1. Arterioles 2. Capillaries 3. Venules

Question 44

-Endothelium; no connective tissue / smooth muscle - Resist and control blood flow to capillaries; major determinant of systemic blood pressure

Answer 44

Arterioles

Question 45

- Endothelium only - No Tunica Adventitia - Exchange metabolites by diffusion to and from cells

Answer 45

Capillaries

Question 46

tight junctions; allow cellular exchange

Answer 46

Continuous Capillaries

Question 47

small pores (fenestrations)

Answer 47

Fenestrated Capillaries

Question 48

- AKA Sinusoids - Large Lumen - Discontinued Basal Lamina

Answer 48

Discontinuous Capillaries

Question 49

- Endothelium; no valves - No Tunica Adventitia - Drain capillary beds; site of leukocyte exit from vasculature

Answer 49

Venules

Question 50

- Connective tissue, thicker than media - Collect blood from venules

Answer 50

Small Veins

Question 51

- Thicker than media; longitudinal smooth muscle may be present - Carry blood to larger veins, with no backflow

Answer 51

Medium Veins

Question 52

- Thickest layer, with bundled longitudinal smooth muscle - Return blood to heart

Answer 52

Large Veins