MACROSCOPIC AND MICROSCOPIC ANALYSIS OF THE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM Flashcards
1
Q
MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
A
- Testis
- Genital Ducts
- Accessory Glands
- Penis
2
Q
Overall Functions of Male Reproductive System:
A
- Production of Sperm
- Secretion of Hormones
- Production of substances required for sperm activity
3
Q
Semen
A
spermatozoa + secretions
4
Q
TESTES
Regions:
A
- Tunica Albuginea (dense connective tissue)
- Mediastinum Testis ( fibrous regions)
- Testicular Lobules
5
Q
-each lobule contains seminiferous tubules
containing interstitial cells (of Leydig).
A
Testicular Lobules
6
Q
Leydig Cells/ Interstitial Cells
A
- Round, Polygonal
- Central Nuclei
- Eosinophilic Cytoplasm
7
Q
- 250 – 1000 tubules per Testicular Lobule
A
Seminiferous tubules
8
Q
Seminiferous tubules
Contains:
A
> Spermatogenic epithelium
Basement Membrane
Myoid Cells ( for contraction)
Sertoli cells
9
Q
> Physically and metabolically support developing sperm cell precursors
A
Steroli Cells
10
Q
> Produce androgen-binding protein, which concentrates testosterone
Secrete fluid that carries sperm along the tubules
A
Steroli Cells
11
Q
shed debris from differentiating
spermatids,
A
Phagocytoses
12
Q
Spermatids undergo spermiogenesis
A
-Condensing of nucleus
- Formation of flagellum w/ mitochondrial middle piece
-Formation of Acrosomal Cap
13
Q
EXCRETORY GENITAL DUCTS
A
- Epididymis
- Ductus Deferens/ Vas Deferens
- Urethra
14
Q
EXCRETORY GENITAL DUCTS
Collective Function:
A
transport sperm from scrotum to penis during ejaculation.
15
Q
4-5m in length
* WHERE MATURATION OCCURS
* Lined with pseudostratified columnar epithelium
A
Epididymis
16
Q
Epididymis Regions:
A
a. Head
b. Body
c. Tail
17
Q
Passage of Sperm through epididymis takes
A
2-4 weeks.
18
Q
- Also has pseudostratified column.
A
Ductus/ Vas Deferens
19
Q
- Has three layers of smooth muscle
> Peristaltic movement
A
Epith
20
Q
- Produce Secretions mixed with sperm to produce
semen
A
ACCESSORY GLANDS
21
Q
ACCESSORY GLANDS
A
- Seminal Gland/ Vesicle
- Prostate Gland
- Bulbourethral Gland
22
Q
- Lined with both simple and pesudostratified
columnar epithelium (containing secretory cells) - Exocrine Glands
- Secretion makes up 70% of ejaculate
A
Seminal Vesicles
23
Q
Seminal Vesicles
-Secretion makes up 70% of ejaculate, containing:
A
> Fructose
Prostaglandins
Fibrinogen
24
Q
- Collection of 30-50 tubuloacinar glands embedded in a dense fibromuscular stroma
Contains three zones (arranged around the urethra)
A
Prostate Gland
25
- contains mucosal glands
Transition Zone (5%)
26
- contains submucosal glands
Central Zone (25%)
27
- contains main prostate glands
Peripheral Zone (75%)
28
* AKA Cowper glands
* Empties into proximal part of penile urethra
Bulbourethral Gland
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* Contians three cylindrical masses of
erectile tissue, penile urethra and skin
PENIS
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Corpora Cavernosa
dorsal
31
Corpus Spongiosum
ventral
32
> pseudostratified columnar epithelium
Penile Urethra
33
Retractable fold in skin with sebaceous
glands
Foreskin (prepuce)
34
> Blood filling cavernous spaces in tissue
> Triggered by external stimuli to CNS
> Controlled by autonomic nerves
Penile Erection
35
> Relaxes muscle of the small helicine arteries and adjacent tissues, allowing vessels of the cavernous tissue to fill with blood
> Enlargement of corpora muscles
Parasympathetic Stimulation
36
Occurs at ejaculation
Sympathetic Stimulation
37
FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
1. Paired Ovaries
2. Paired Oviducts (Uterine Tubes)
3. Uterus
4. Vagina
5. External Genitalia
6. Mammary Glands
38
> Not part of Reproductive System per se, but undergo changes directly connected to the functional state of reproductive organs.
Mammary Glands
39
- “almond shaped”
- Contains a Cortex and Medulla
Ovaries
40
Ovaries Contain the following epithelium:
> Cuboidal
> Surface/Germinal
> Tunica Albuginea
41
– loose connective tissue
- blood vessels
Medulla
42
– cellular connective tissue
- contains ovarian follicles
Cortex
43
- Consists of an oocyte surrounded by layers of
epithelial cells and lamina
Ovarian Follicles
44
-Formed from developing fetal gonad
-Contains one primary oocyte arrested in meiotic
prophase I
Primordial Follicles
45
- Develop from primordial follicles
- Enlarging primary oocyte surrounded by larger
epithelial cells now called granulosa cells
Primary Follicles
46
-Responsible for steroid hormone production
during maturation
Granulosa Cells
47
-Contains glycoproteins (ZO proteins) to which
the sperm surface must bind to reach the oocyte at
fertilization
Zona Pellucida
48
Follicular Growth and Development
> Onset of Puberty
> Initiated by Follicle Stimulating Hormone
> Growth of Oocytes
> Proliferation and Changes in Follicular Cells
> Formation of Secondary/Antral Follicles
> Formation of Graffian Follicles
49
Oocyte Differentiation
1. Growth of Cell and Nuclear Enlargement
2. Production of more Mitochondria
3. RER becoming more extensive
4. Enlargement of Golgi Complex
5. Formation of Cortical Granules
50
What happens at follicular growth?
1. Formation of Unilaminar Primary Follicle
2. Formation of Multilaminar Primary Follicle
3. Formation of Zona Pellucida
4. Formation of Follicular Theca
51
*Involves movement of a very large, dominant graafian follicle to the ovary surface
*Completion of meiosis I,
*Release of a polar body from the oocyte
Forms the Corpus Luteum
Ovulation
52
estrogen
Granulosa Lutein
53
progesterone
Theca Lutein
54
* Where the secondary oocyte enters
* Where oocyte degenerates if not fertilized
UTERINE TUBES OR OVIDUCTS
55
Regions of Uterine Tubes
1. Infundibulum
2. Ampulla
3. Isthmus
4. Intramural part
56
> with fimbrae
Infundibulum
57
> longest region
> where fertilization normally occurs
Ampulla
58
> narrower portion near the uterus
Isthmus
59
> passes through uterine wall
Intramural part
60
“Pear Shaped” Organ
UTERUS
61
Uterine Wall
* Three Layers:
1. Perimetrium
2. Myometrium
3. Endometrium
62
> covered by mesothelium
Perimetrium
63
> highly vascularized
Myometrium
64
> simple columnar epithelium
Endometrium
65
UTERUS Regions:
1. Fundus
2. Isthmus
3. Cervix
66
entry point of the uterine tubes
Fundus
67
> cylindrical structure
> Has two openings:
Cervix
68
main uterine lumen
Internal Os
69
to vagina
External Os
70
*Narrow, inferior end of uterus.
*Endocervical Mucosa is lined with simple columnar epithelium
* Contains cervical glands
> secretes mucous
CERVIX
71
s lined with nonkeratinized simple sq. epithelium
Exocervical Mucosa
72
*Lacks Glands
VAGINA
73
VAGINA Consists of
>Mucosa
> Muscular Layer
> Adventitia
74
Epithelium of vagina is
stratified squamous
75
which is later metabolized by bacteria into lactic acid,
giving low pH of Vagina
Squamous cells accumulate glycogen
76
*AKA Vulva:
* All contain stratified sq. epithelium
EXTERNAL GENITALIA
77
> contains tubuloacinar glands
Vestibule
78
lacking hair follicles; has oil glands
Labia Minora
79
similar histologically to skin of
scrotum
Labia Majora
80
erectile structure similar to penis
Clitoris
81
*Alveolar secretory units develop after puberty
on a branching duct system with lactiferous sinuses converging at the nipple.
* Highly modified Apocrine Sweat Glands
MAMMARY GLANDS
82
Milk secretion
lactation
83
which begins in late pregnancy and continues until weaning, involves both protein exocytosis and apocrine secretion of lipid droplets
Milk secretion (lactation)
