Skeletal

Question 1

responsible for its resilience

Answer 1

collagenous fibers

Question 2

responsible for its hardness
Mainly made up of calcium phosphate
Small amounts of calcium carbonate are present also

Answer 2

calcified ground substance

Question 3

active in bone formation

Answer 3

Osteoblasts

Question 4

active in bone resorption

Answer 4

Osteoclasts

Question 5

principal cells of mature bone

Answer 5

Osteocytes

Question 6

secrete the organic components of the matrix

Answer 6

Osteoblasts

Question 7

develop from cells (osteoblasts)

Answer 7

Bones

Question 8

present in all cavities of bone and they
function to cause resorption

Answer 8

Large cells osteoclasts

Question 9

are osteoblasts that are now surrounded by the bone matrix as the bone is formed

Answer 9

Osteocytes

Question 10

allow for growth of long bone during childhood
New cartilage is continuously formed
Older cartilage becomes ossified

Answer 10

Epiphyseal plates

Question 11

Hormonal Regulation

Answer 11

A. Hormonal Regulation
B. Calcitonin

Question 12

Released when blood calcium level is low
*Increased: results to bone resorption

Answer 12

Parathyroid hormone

Question 13

Released when blood calcium level is high
Inhibits bone resorption

Answer 13

Calcitonin

Question 14

Types of Bone Tissue

Answer 14

A. Compact
B. Cancellous (spongy)

Question 15

dense and strong
e.g. outer surface of bones

Answer 15

Compact

Question 16

with many spaces, red bone marrow where
hematopoiesis takes place
e.g. inside flat bones like in skull, sternum and ribs

Answer 16

Cancellous (spongy)

Question 17

Classification of Bones

Answer 17

A. According to Shape
B. According to Development

Question 18

consist of a shaft, or diaphysis and two extremities,
each called epiphysis
* e.g. humerus, radius, tibia and fibula

Answer 18

Long bones

Question 19

typified by the carpal bones of the wrist and the tarsal
bones of the ankle

Answer 19

Short bones

Question 20

consist of two plates of compact tissues enclosing a
layer of spongy bone
* e.g. ribs, scapula, parts of hip bone and bones of the skull

Answer 20

Flat bones

Question 21

comprises bones of peculiar and differing shapes,
such as the vertebrae and the ossicles of the ear

Answer 21

Irregular bones

Question 22

enclosed in tendon and fascial tissue and are found
adjacent to joints
e.g. patella

Answer 22

Sesamoid bones

Question 23

Involves the direct mineralization of dense connective tissue membrane forming
bones
e.g. flat bones of the cranium

Answer 23

Bones formed by Intramembranous ossification

Question 24

Most bones are formed by the process of endochondral ossification, the
replacement of cartilage by bone

Answer 24

Bones formed by endochondral ossification

Question 25

Consists of skull (28bones: 8 cranial, 14 facial, 6 ear ossicles), the hyoid bone, the vertebrae (26bones), the ribs (24bones) and the sternum

Answer 25

Axial Skeleton

Question 26

Bones of upper extremities (64 including the shoulder girdle) Bones of lower extremities (62 including the pelvic girdle)

Answer 26

Appendicular Skeleton

Question 27

Area of union between 2 or more bones

Answer 27

JOINTS (ARTHROSES)

Question 28

fibrous connective tissue holds the bones together Immovable and called as Synarthroses

Answer 28

Fibrous joints

Question 29

cartilage holds the bones together Slightly moveable called as Amphiarthroses e.g. symphysis pubis, intervertebral disk

Answer 29

Cartilagenous joints

Question 30

a cavity with fluid found between bones Freely moveable and called as Diarthroses e.g. most joints in the body like in the extremities

Answer 30

Synovial joints

Question 31

allows movement in many directions e.g. shoulder joint

Answer 31

Ball and socket

Question 32

allows movement in one direction e.g. elbow and knee joints

Answer 32

Hinge

Question 33

allows rotation around length of bone e.g. atlantoaxial joint

Answer 33

Pivot

Question 34

allows movement in 2 directions e.g. wrist joint

Answer 34

Condyloid

Question 35

like condyloid only with deeper articulating surface e.g. carpometacarpal joint of the thumb

Answer 35

Saddle

Question 36

bones slide over one another e.g. carpal and tarsal joints

Answer 36

Gliding

Question 37

Break in a bone or cartilage Can be simple or compound depending on whether or not the skin is broken

Answer 37

FRACTURE

Question 38

VERTEBRAL COLUM INJURIES

Answer 38

A. Exaggerations of the spinal curvature B. Herniated intervertebral disk

Question 39

when posterior curvature is accentuated in thoracic area

Answer 39

Kyphosis

Question 40

when anterior curvature is accentuated in lumbar region

Answer 40

Lordosis

Question 41

when there is a lateral curvature and rotation of vertebrae

Answer 41

Scoliosis

Question 42

when the outer covering ruptures owing trauma and the inner core protrudes usually postero-laterally towards the vertebral canal

Answer 42

Herniated intervertebral disk

Question 43

inflammation of the synovial bursa

Answer 43

Bursitis

Question 44

inflammation of joints

Answer 44

Arthritis

Question 45

disease comes from prolonged wear and tear of joints

Answer 45

Degenerative joint

Question 46

in the lower back region is an inflammation of the fibrous connective tissue of joints

Answer 46

Primary fibrositis (Rheumatism or Lumbago)

Question 47

tendon sheaths become inflamed and may deter movement of the involved joints

Answer 47

Tenosynovitis

Question 48

* Most common chronic arthritis

Answer 48

Osteoarthritis

Question 49

* An autoimmune disease – the immune system attacks the joints * Often leads to deformities

Answer 49

Rheumatoid arthritis

Question 50

* inflammation of joints is caused by a deposition of urate crystals from the blood

Answer 50

Gouty Arthritis