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ANAPHY > Special Senses > Flashcards

Special Senses Flashcards

1
Q
  • Situated in the orbital cavity and supplied by the optic nerve (2nd cranial nerve).
  • Almost spherical in shape and about 2.5 cm in diameter.
  • Space between the eye and the orbital cavity is occupied by adipose tissue.
  • The bony walls of the orbit and the fat protect the eye from injur
A

EYES and SIGHT

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2
Q

-(white of the eye) forms the outermost layer of the eyeball

-Consists of a firm fibrous membrane that maintains the shape of the eye
-Gives attachment to the extrinsic muscles of the eye

A

Sclera

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3
Q

Sclera continues as a clear transparent epithelial membrane, ____________

A

cornea

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4
Q

Light rays pass through the cornea to reach the _____________

A

retina

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5
Q
  • Lines the posterior five-sixths of the inner surface of the sclera.
  • Very rich in blood vessels
  • Deep chocolate brown in color.
A

Choroid

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6
Q

Light enters the eye through the _______________

A

pupil

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7
Q

stimulates the sensory receptors in the ____________

A

retina

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8
Q
  • The anterior continuation of the choroid consisting of ciliary muscle (smooth muscle fibers) and secretory epithelial cells
  • Acts like a sphincter
  • Supplied by parasympathetic branches of the oculomotor nerve (3rd cranial nerve).
A

Ciliary Body

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9
Q
  • Visible colored ring at the front of the eye lying behind the cornea and in front of the lens.
  • Composed of pigment cells and two layers of smooth muscle fibers - one circular and the other radiating
A

Iris

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10
Q

In the center is an aperture called the ________________

A

pupil

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11
Q
  • Highly elastic circular biconvex body, immediately behind the pupil.

*Thickness is controlled by the ciliary muscle through the suspensory ligament.

A

Lens

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12
Q

*Innermost lining of the eye

*Extremely delicate structure and well adapted for stimulation by light rays

*Composed of several layers of nerve cell bodies and their axons - sensory receptor cells, rods and cone

A

Retina

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13
Q

▪Skin, muscle, and connective tissue

A

Eyelids

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14
Q

✓Prevents surface from drying out
✓Keeps foreign material out of eye

A

Blinking

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15
Q

▪Eye sockets
▪Form a protective shell around the eyes

A

Eye orbits

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16
Q

✓Lateral edge of eyeballs
✓Produce tears

A

Lacrimal glands

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17
Q

✓Medial aspect of eyeballs
✓Drain tears into nose

A

Nasolacrimal ducts

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18
Q

impairment of distance vision

A

Myopia

19
Q

impairment of near vision

A

Hyperopia

20
Q

▪ Distinguish shades of gray
▪ Testing
* Pelli-Robson contrast sensitivity chart
* Vistech Consultants vision contrast system
▪ Detect cataracts or retinal problems before sharpness is impaired

A

Contrast sensitivity

21
Q

▪ Color-blindness
* May be inherited
* More common in males
▪ Tests
* Ishihara color system
* Richmond pseudoisochromatic color test
▪ Difficulties may indicate retinal or optic nerve disease

A

Color vision

22
Q

Many animals secrete odorous chemicals called __________ play an important part in chemical communication in, for example, territorial behavior, mating and the bonding of mothers and their newborn.

A

pheromones

23
Q

▪the sensory nerves of smell

A

Olfactory receptors

24
Q

respond to changes in chemical concentrations

A

Chemoreceptors

25
Q

concentrates volatile molecules in the roof of the nose- increases the number of olfactory receptors stimulated and thus perception of the smell

A

Sniffing

26
Q

*Chemical can stimulate receptors for limited time
*Receptors fatigue and stop responding to chemical
* No longer smell odor

A

Sensory Adaptation

27
Q

Taste buds contain chemoreceptors

A

found in the papillae of the tongue

28
Q

where taste is perceived

A

Parietal lobe of the cerebral cortex

29
Q

3 Different types of papillae

A

-vallate papillae
-fungiform papillae
-foliate papillae

30
Q

form a row at the back of the tongue

A

vallate papillae

31
Q

mushroom-shaped and are scattered over the entire surface of the tongue

A

fungiform papillae

32
Q

located in small trenches on the lateral margins of the tongue, but most of their taste buds degenerate in early childhood

A

foliate papillae

33
Q

3 CRANIAL NERVES IN TONGUE

A

-facial (VII) nerve
-glossopharyngeal (IX) nerve
-vagus (X) nerve

34
Q

serves taste buds in the anterior 2/3 of the tongue

A

facial (VII) nerve

35
Q

serves taste buds in the posterior 1/3 of the tongue

A

glossopharyngeal (IX) nerve

36
Q

serves taste buds in the throat and epiglottis

A

vagus (X) nerve

37
Q

the process of hearing

A

audition

38
Q

3 PRINCIPLE REGIONS OF EARS

A
  • external ear
  • middle ear
  • internal ear
39
Q

uses air to collect and channel sound waves

A

external ear

40
Q

uses a bony system to amplify sound vibrations

A

middle ear

41
Q

generates action potentials to transmit sound and balance information to the brain

A

internal ear

42
Q

Collects sound waves

A

auricle

43
Q

Guides sound wave to tympanic membrane

A

External auditory canal

44
Q
  • Separates external canal and middle ear
  • Vibrates when sound hits it
A

Tympanic membrane

ANAPHY (21 decks)

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