Memory Flashcards
(14 cards)
What is selective attention
Relevant information is filtered through into short term memory and irrelevant information is lost of forgotten
What is chunking
Different pieces of information can be grouped together and then remembered as one piece of information
What are the components of Atkinson’s and Shiffren’s multi store memory model
Short term sensory memory, short term memory, long term memory
What is short term sensory memory
-Limitless memory store that holds information for about 1 second
-Selective attention selects relevant stimuli in STSS and directs them into STM
-Irrelevant stimuli are lost
What is short term memory
-Limited capacity to store around 7 items
-Holds information for about 30 seconds
-Information can be held in STM by chunking
What is long term memory
-Contains well learned, retained and permanent coded information collected over past experiences
-Limitless in capacity and length
-Relevant information from LTM can be retrieved into STM workspace
Advantages of multi store memory model
-Simplifies the memory process
-Explains how those with brain damage may have a dysfunctional memory or amnesia
What is Craik and Lockhart’s levels of processing model
-Opposes view that there are set memory stores
-Meaning of the information is more relevant than repetition
What are the three levels of processing
-Structural level: Paying attention to what words look like
Phonetic level: Processing words and sounds
Semantic level: Considering the actual meaning of words
Advantages of processing model
-Explains that if we understand information, we are likely to remember it
-Explains that the longer we consider and analyse information, the more we remember it
Disadvantages of processing model
-The longer it takes to process information does not always lead to better recall
-It is difficult to know what ‘deep’ processing involves
-It doesn’t take into account individual differences
How can memory be improved
-Rehearsal: a tennis player will rehearse a serve physically and mentally to improve
-Meaningfulness: a tennis coach will show that information being given will increase players performance levels
-avoiding overload: a tennis coach will only give the player a few points to remember before the match
Mental imagery: the tennis coach shows a video of skill so that the performer can remember it more effectively
Why are structural and phonetic levels a shallow level of processing
They don’t involve much processing so less information is stored in long term memory
Why is semantic level a deep level of processing
It involves high levels of processing so more information is stored in long term memory for longer
