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Microbiology lecture > microbiology quiz 3-12-15 > Flashcards

microbiology quiz 3-12-15 Flashcards

(96 cards)

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1
Q

those things that have carbon, hydrogen or oxygen are considered what type of nutrient?

A

organic nutrient

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2
Q

those things that do not have carbon, hydrogen or oxygen are considered what type of nutrient?

A

inorganic nutrient

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3
Q

name a few things that would be considered a inorganic nutrient?

A

metals, salts, gases, water

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4
Q

name a few things that would be considered an organic nutrient?

A

carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, methane, and nucleic acids

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5
Q

name a macronutrient

A

carbohydrates
lipids
proteins
amino acids

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6
Q

name a micronutrients

A 
zinc
magnesium
iron
potassium
chloride
calcium
sodium
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7
Q

a cell has a composition of how much water

A

70%

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8
Q

the human cell is composed of what % of the top 6 elements and name the elements

A 
carbon
oxygen
hydrogen
nitrogen-----------------96%
phosphorous
calcium-------------------2.5%    equals 98.5% of the weight of the human body
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9
Q

the bacterial cell is composed of what % of the elements and name the elements

A 
carbon
oxygen
hydrogen
nitrogen
phosphorous
sulfur------------------------96%
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10
Q

if you remove the water of the bacterial cell it is known as what

A

dry weight

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11
Q

what makes up 50% of the dry weight of bacterial cells

A

carbon

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12
Q

what type of organism captures their carbon from carbon dioxide in the air?

A

true autotrophs

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13
Q

what type of organism capture their carbon for energy from organic compounds?

A

heterotrophs

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14
Q

what type of organism captures their energy from a light source?

A

phototrophs

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15
Q

what type of organism captures their energy from chemicals?

A

chemotrophs

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16
Q

what type of organism captures energy from light and carbon from the air?

A

photoautotrophs

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17
Q

what type of organism captures energy from light and carbon from organic compounds?

A

photoheterotrophs- these are rare bacteria and prokaryotes that are able to do this

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18
Q

what type of organism gets their energy from inorganic chemicals and carbon from the air (carbon dioxide)?

A

chemoautotroph

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19
Q

give an example of a photoautotrophs?

A

plants
algae
cyanobacteria
green and purple sulfur bacteria

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20
Q

name an example of a photoheterotroph

A

some prokaryotes that are environmentally important

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21
Q

what type of organism gets their energy from chemicals and carbon from organic compounds?

A

chemoheterotrophs

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22
Q

name an example of a chemoheterotrophs

A

most bacteria
fungi
animals
protozoa

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23
Q

name the category of chemoheterotroph that feeds on dead organic material

A

saprobes

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24
Q

name the category of chemoheterotroph that feed on living organisms

A

parasites

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25
give the meaning of troph-
food
26
give the meaning of -phile
to love
27
give the meaning of -obe
to live
28
give the meaning of hetero-
other
29
give the meaning of auto-
self
30
give the meaning of photo-
light
31
give the meaning of chemo-
chemical
32
give the meaning of sapro-
rotten
33
give the meaning of halo-
salt
34
give the meaning of thermo-
heat
35
give the meaning of psychro-
cold
36
give the meaning of aero-
air ( o2)
37
name the category that includes the bacteria that are cold loving, with an optimal temperature for reproducing is less that 15 degree C, and is not a disease causer?
psychrophiles
38
name the category that includes the bacteria that have an optimal temperature is greater than 20 degrees C
psychrotrophs
39
give an example of a psychrotroph that can still reproduce in a refrigerator and can affect pregnant or immunocompromised people?
Listeria
40
name the psychrotroph that in 1976 caused a life threatening disease related to dirty air conditioning units
Legionella pneumophila
41
name the category that includes the bacteria that have an optimal temperature of 20-40 degrees C
mesophile
42
give an example of a mesophile
streptococcus pyogenes
43
name the category that includes the bacteria that have an optimal temperature of greater than 100 degrees C
thermophile
44
give an example of a thermophile
Pseudomonas- causes bacterial skin infections related to the steam in hot tubs
45
out of the 4 categories of bacteria, which bacteria are most associated with the human body?
mesophile
46
what adaptation is the lowest temperature that permits a microbe continued growth, and metabolism, but below this temperature activities are inhibited?
minimum temperature
47
what adaptation is the highest temperature which permits growth and metabolism, but if it rises above this temperature, growth will stop and the cells will die?
maximum temperature
48
what adaptation is the area which is between the min and the max, promoting the fastest growth and rate of metabolism?
optimum temperature
49
when cells begin to die related to temperature this is known as
denaturation
50
what degree Celsius is the human body
37 degrees Celsius
51
what range of degree Celsius is the danger zone for food preservation
15-52 degrees Celsius
52
what is the gas requirement category of an organism that cannot grow without oxygen
obligate aerobe
53
what is the gas requirement category of an organism that does not require oxygen for its metabolism and is capable of growth in the absence of it
facultative anaerobe
54
what is the gas requirement category of an organism that does not grow at normal atmospheric concentrations of oxygen but requires a small amount of it:
microaerophile
55
what is the gas requirement category of an organism that lacks the enzyme for processing toxic oxygen, they cannot tolerate any free oxygen. they do not use oxygen for respiration and are not able to grow in the presence of oxygen
obligate anaerobe
56
what is the gas requirement category of an organism that does not utilize oxygen but can survive and grow in its presence
aerotolerant anaerobe
57
what is the gas requirement category of an organism that grows best at higher CO2 tensions?
capnophiles
58
what is the CO2 requirement for a capnophile?
3-10%
59
what is the oxygen requirement for a microaerophile?
1-15%
60
a bacteria that can grow within a pH range of 6.5 to 7.5 is called :
a neutrophile
61
a bacteria that can grow with a pH level less than 5.5 is called :
acidophile
62
name an acidophile that can be found in and thrive in the stomach acid environment
Helicobacter pylori
63
a bacteria that can live in hot pools and soils that contain high levels of basic minerals in a pH of above 8.0 are called
alkalinophiles`
64
most bacteria love a pH of what level?
6.5 to 7.5
65
Pseudomonas has what type of gas requirement?
obligate aerobe
66
Clostridium butyricum has what type of gas requirement?
obligate anaerobe
67
what is the most common type of gas requirement
facultative anaerobe
68
Staphylococcus aureus has what type of gas requirement?
facultative anaerobe
69
Escherichia coli has what type of gas requirement?
facultative anaerobe
70
thioglycollate broth is used to demonstrate what property of bacteria?
its used to demonstrate is oxygen requirements
71
a bacteria that grows only where high concentrations of oxygen are?
obligate aerobe
72
a bacteria that grows where most oxygen is present, but occurs throughout the tube also are?
facultative anaerobe
73
a bacteria that growth occurs only where there is no oxygen
obligate anaerobe
74
a bacteria that growth occurs evenly and oxygen has no effect on it is
aerotolerant anaerobe
75
a bacteria that growth occurs only where a low concentration of oxygen has diffused into medium
microaerophile
76
there are two methods used for culturing anaerobes, what are they
a anaerobic chamber and a gas pak
77
what is the gas requirement for a bacteria that grows best at CO2 tensions?
capnophile
78
what is the normal CO2 level in the air
0.03%
79
a reciprocal, obligatory and beneficial relationship between two organisms
mutualism
80
when one organism benefits and the other organism is neither benefitted or harmed by the relationship
commensalism
81
this occurs between a host and an infectious agent, the host is harmed in the interaction
parasitism
82
what type of mutualism occurs in humans and bacteria
the bacteria that live in our intestines
83
what type of commensalism occurs in humans and bacteria
the bacteria that lives on our skin, it benefits from being on our skin, but we are not harmed or benefited by its presence. Staphylococcus epidermitis
84
when microorganisms group together and attach to a substrate it is known as a
biofilm
85
the grouping of the cells in a biofilm is known as what type of cells
sessile
86
the stimulation of the biofilm to produce a product, to grow to a certain density is known as a
quorum
87
name a bacteria that can produce a biofilm, it is found in hot tubs, its a thermophile, its an aerobe, and can lead to death especially in burn patients
pseudomonas aeruginosa
88
how many people are affected by biofilms according to the CDC
70%
89
what is the asexual reproduction or division of bacterial cells, when one parent cell divides into two identical daughter cells
binary fission
90
where in the bacterial cell is the chromosomes attached
the plasma membrane
91
using an estimate of live cells is called the
viable count
92
what is the graphic representation of the stages of growth in a closed population over time
the growth curve
93
during this phase the cells are metabolically active but not reproducing
lag phase
94
during this phase the cells are reproducing at an exponential rate
log phase
95
during this phase the cells rate of reproduction and death are equal
stationary phase
96
during this phase the cells are dying off at an exponential rate
death phase

Microbiology lecture (12 decks)

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