microbiology quiz 3-3-15

Question 1

in a bacterial cell where is the DNA located?

Answer 1

in the nucleoid region

Question 2

what percentage of the bacterial cell is comprised of the nucleoid region?

Answer 2

10%

Question 3

what is the genetic make up of the organism called?

Answer 3

the genome

Question 4

what is the location of the genome in the prokaryotic cell called?

Answer 4

the nucleoid region

Question 5

what is the location of the genome in the eukaryotic cell called?

Answer 5

the nucleus

Question 6

what is the point of attachment for the chromosomes in the prokaryotic cell?

Answer 6

the plasma membrane

Question 7

what is the point of attachment for the chromosomes in the eukaryotic cell?

Answer 7

none, It is free floating

Question 8

what is the measurement of the DNA in the prokaryotic cell?

Answer 8

1 giant circle of double stranded DNA

Question 9

how many genes does the prokaryotic cell have?

Answer 9

approximately 4000

Question 10

how many genes does the eukaryotic cell have?

Answer 10

approximately 25000

Question 11

what is the plasmid made up of?

Answer 11

protein and DNA

Question 12

how many genes are in the plasmid?

Answer 12

5-100 genes

Question 13

if the bacteria has a pili than it most likely has what also”

Answer 13

a plasmid

Question 14

true or false

a bacteria can copy its plasmid and pass it through conjugation to another bacteria?

Answer 14

true

Question 15

what portion of the bacterial cell can code for things, such as its ability to code for a toxin, or its resistance to a certain ABT?

Answer 15

the plasmid

Question 16

in what gram bacteria are plasmids found?

Answer 16

gram -

Question 17

when a bacteria divides does the plasmid have to be copied too?

Answer 17

no

Question 18

where in the cell is the site for protein synthesis?

Answer 18

in the ribosomes

Question 19

how is the ribosomes density measured?

Answer 19

Svedberg units

Question 20

what is the total measurement of the bacterial ribosomes

Answer 20

70s

Question 21

what the measurement of the ribosome in the small subunit of the bacterial cell

Answer 21

30s

Question 22

what is the unit of measurement for the large sub unit of the ribosome in the eukaryotic cell?

Answer 22

60s

Question 22

what is the unit of measurement for the large sub unit of the ribosome in the eukaryotic cell?

Answer 22

60s

Question 23

what is the measurement of the ribosome in the small unit of the euk. cell

Answer 23

40s

Question 23

what is the total svedberg units for the eukaryotic cell?

Answer 23

80s

Question 24

all bacterial cells store their carbohydrates as polysaccharides in two forms. what are they

Answer 24

granules and inclusion body

Question 24

what two antibiotic drugs target the prokaryotic ribosomes?

Answer 24

tetracycline and arythromycin

Question 25

what are the free floating polysaccharides

Answer 25

granules

Question 25

where in our eukaryotic cells do we have the same ribosomal svedberg measurement as the total number is bacterial cells?

Answer 25

in our mitochondria , they have 70s like bacterial cells

Question 26

what are the polysaccharides that are enclosed in a sac or vacuoles

Answer 26

inclusion body

Question 26

what are the free floating polysaccharides found in most bacterial cells called?

Answer 26

granules

Question 27

bacteria store lipids as what

Answer 27

poly-b-hydroxybutyric acid

Question 27

if the polysaccharides are enclosed in a sac or vacuole in the bacterial cell, what are they called ?

Answer 27

inclusion body

Question 28

corynebacterium diptheriae bacteria have red/blue phosphate granules known as

Answer 28

metachromatic granules

Question 28

bacteria have lipids that they store in inclusion bodies, what is it called

Answer 28

poly-b-hydroxybutyric acid

Question 29

what bacteria has metachromatic granules

Answer 29

Corynebacterium diptheriae

Question 29

what are the inclusion bodies made up of iron oxide and what are they used for

Answer 29

they are called magnetosomes and they are used to navigate their environment.

Question 30

these inclusions are iron oxide and used to navigate their environment

Answer 30

magnetosomes

Question 30

their is only one species of bacteria that have metachromatic granules what is the species?

Answer 30

Corynebacterium dipteriae

Question 31

these inclusions have CO2 inside of their vesicle, used for buoyancy

Answer 31

gas inclusions

Question 31

the species Corynebacterium diptheriae what red/blue phosphates granules called

Answer 31

metachromatic granules

Question 32

there are 2 gram + bacteria that can produce endospores what are they

Answer 32

bacillus and Clostridium

Question 33

where do endospores live

Answer 33

in the soil`

Question 34

what is known to kill an endospore

Answer 34

an autoclave

Question 35

when the endospore is at the end of the bacteria what is the location known as

Answer 35

terminal

Question 36

when the endospore is near the end of the bacteria what is the location known as

Answer 36

subterminal

Question 37

when the endospore is in the middle of the bacteria what is the location known as

Answer 37

central

Question 38

what is the name of the genius of bacteria that causes gas gangrene?

Answer 38

Clostridium

Question 39

what is the name of the genius of bacteria that causes botulism

Answer 39

clostridium

Question 40

what is the name of the free living bacteria that is a blue/green autotroph:

Answer 40

cyanobacteria

Question 41

what is the most dominant organism on earth

Answer 41

cyanobacteria

Question 42

what is the ability of the cyanobacteria to change N2 into a usable form

Answer 42

nitrogen fixation

Question 43

what does the nitrogen fixer change N2 into?

Answer 43

nitrates

Question 44

what give the cyanobacteria their blue color?

Answer 44

the phycocyanin

Question 45

what gives the cyanobacteria its green color?

Answer 45

the chlorophyll a & b

Question 46

where are cyanobacteria found

Answer 46

in water and on land

Question 47

what free living bacteria are autotrophs

Answer 47

cyanobacteria and green and purple sulfur bacteria

Question 48

which free living non pathogenic bacteria is a heterotroph

Answer 48

the gliding and fruiting bacteria

Question 49

what is an example of the gliding and fruiting bacteria

Answer 49

the myxobacteria

Question 50

these form of free living non pathogenic bacteria aggregate and move toward the other bacteria to kill it like a wolf pack, what are they

Answer 50

gliding and fruiting bacteria

Question 51

how do the gliding and fruiting bacteria move

Answer 51

they glide over the moist surfaces with fibers under the outer membrane, they have protein filaments in their cell walls

Question 52

what is the name of the theory of how the prokaryotic cells developed into eukaryotic cells

Answer 52

the endosymbiotic theory

Question 53

according to the endosymbiotic theory, how did the prokaryotic cell develop a nucleus

Answer 53

its membrane enfolded and surrounded the DNA

Question 54

according to the endosymbiotic theory, how did the eukaryotic cell develop its membrane bound organelles

Answer 54

it engulfed a smaller prokaryotic cell and this became the mitochondria.

Question 55

what is the measurement of the ribosomes in the mitochondria

Answer 55

70s

Question 56

according to the endosymbiotic theory, how did the autotroph form

Answer 56

the eukaryotic cell engulfed a prokaryotic autotroph and it became a chloroplast

Question 57

what is the measurement of the ribosomes in a chloroplast?

Answer 57

70s

Question 58

name the obligate intracellular parasites that is a gram negative bacteria

Answer 58

rickettsia

Question 59

what disease does the genus rickettsia cause

Answer 59

rocky mountain spotted fever and typhus

Question 60

name an obligate intracellular parasite that cannot live outside of the host cell, that is found in wild animals

Answer 60

rickettsia

Question 61

name the obligate intracellular parasite, that is not transmitted by an arthropod and causes an STI or eye infection

Answer 61

chlamydia trachomatis

Question 62

how is the cell wall different in the archaea and bacteria

Answer 62

there is no peptidoglycan in the archaea walls

Question 63

where do the archaea live

Answer 63

in extreme locations

Question 64

how does the genetic sequences differ from the bacteria and the archaea

Answer 64

the archaea have 3 and the bacteria have 1

Question 65

when the virus attaches itself to the host cell by specific binding of its spikes to the cells receptors, this is known as

Answer 65

adsorption or attraction attachment

Question 66

when the virus is engulfed by the cell membrane into a vesicle and is transported internally ( the cell brings it into itself) this is known as

Answer 66

penetration or receptor mediated endocytosis

Question 67

when the virus removes its coating inside of the cell and releases its RNA into the cytoplasm this is known as

Answer 67

uncoating

Question 68

replication and protein production in the nucleus and capsid replication is known as

Answer 68

synthesis

Question 69

when the virus buds off or it goes through exocytosis, this phase is known as

Answer 69

release

Question 70

when a bacteriophase attaches to the bacteria and injects its DNA this is known as

Answer 70

penetration

Question 71

what is the difference in the adsorption process between a virus and a bacteriophage

Answer 71

in the regular virus it is attraction attachment and in the bacteriophage it is injection of the DNA. the bacteria does not bring the virus into it like a regular animal cell.

Question 72

what is the name of the nonliving particles that are smaller than a virus?

Answer 72

prions

Question 73

what is the misfolded proteins, that contain no nucleic acids

Answer 73

prions

Question 74

what is the transmissible spongiform encephalopathies caused by

Answer 74

prions

Question 75

what is the disease caused by prions in sheep called

Answer 75

scrapies

Question 76

what is the disease caused by prions in cows

Answer 76

bovine spongiform encephalopathies

Question 77

what is the prion disease called in humans

Answer 77

creutzfield-jakob syndrome

Question 78

what is the name of the satellite virus that replicates only when the cells are infected with adenovirus

Answer 78

adeno-associated virus

Question 79

what is the name of the naked strand of RNA that in the presents of hepatitis B virus it will develop into hepatitis D

Answer 79

delta agent

Question 80

what is the name of the short pieces of RNA that have no protein coat and have only been identified in plants

Answer 80

viroids

Question 81

what is the name of a virus that is dependent on the presence of other viruses for replication

Answer 81

a satellite virus