microbiology quiz 4-14-15 Flashcards
(52 cards)
what type of mutation substitutes 1 nucleotide for another in the DNA sense strand during transcription/translation
a point mutation
what is the mutation called when the nucleotide is wrong, and that creates the wrong AA therefor creates the wrong protein
a missense mutation
what is the mutation called when the nucleotide is wrong, and that creates no AA, by prematurely adding a stop codon and no protein is made
a nonsense mutation
what is the mutation called that the nucleotide is the wrong one but produces the correct AA and therefor the correct protein is made
a neutral mutation
what is the type of mutation that either adds or deletes a nucleotide in the DNA, which shifts the frame of reading by 1 nucleotide
frameshift mutation
if during a frameshift mutation, from the point at which the nucleotide was added or deleted codes for the wrong protein, it is know as what type of mutation
missensed mutation
if during a frameshift mutation, from the point at which the nucleotide was added or deleted codes for the premature stop codon, it is know as what type of mutation
nonsense mutation
when a chemical causes a mutation this chemical is known as a what
mutagen
what chemical can cause a mutagen that will alter the shape of adenine and cause it to resemble guanine ?
nitrous acid
the mutagen radiation(UV) causes a mutation known as what
thymine dimer
what acts on 2 side by side thymine nucleotides and causes them to bind together?
UV radiation.
what is the name of the test that the cosmetic industry will use to look for mutagens in their products
the Ames Test
what is the accidental cause of a mutation known as
spontaneous
what is the mutation known as when it is exposed to something that increase the probability of a mutation to happen
mutagen
when a mutation happens that helps lead to evolution, this is what type of mutation
a beneficial mutation
when a mutation happens that has no affect on the DNA this is what type of mutation
a neutral mutation
when a mutation happens that can be harmful to the bacteria or lethal and cause death, this is what type of mutation
a detrimental mutation
approximately how many nucleotides are made during replication
a billion
how is the mutation rate of bacteria expressed (P per gene)
10(-5) and 10(-3)
what is the probability per gene through out the life of a particular bacteria (P per gene) in spontaneous mutations
10(-6)
what are the two forms of transfer that bacteria participate in
- vertical transfer
2. horizontal transfer
what type of transfer occurs when bacteria transfer their genetic material from 1 generation to the next through binary fission
vertical transfer
what type of transfer occurs when bacteria transfer their genetic material to the same generation
horizontal transfer
what type of transfer produces identical offspring
vertical transfer
