microbiology quiz 4-7-15

Question 1

what is the name of the enzyme that unwinds and unzips the DNA

Answer 1

helicase

Question 2

what is the name of the substance that holds the two strands of DNA apart after the helicase has unzipped it

Answer 2

SSB protein ( single strand binding)

Question 3

what is the name of the enzyme that builds RNA on the sense strand

Answer 3

RNA polymerase

Question 4

what is the name of the strand that is in the 3’ to 5’ position

Answer 4

the sense strand

Question 5

what prime is the sense strand

Answer 5

3’ to 5’ prime

Question 6

what happens to the 5’ to 3’ prime strand during transcription

Answer 6

nothing it isn’t used

Question 7

what is the process of copying the code of DNA called

Answer 7

transcription

Question 8

after transcription has taken place what happens to the DNA

Answer 8

the hydrogen bonds will reattach and wind the DNA back up to its original shape

Question 9

true or false

DNA is permanently changed after transcription has occured

Answer 9

false it is unchanged

Question 10

what is the name of the mRNA sense strand also called

Answer 10

the complimentary copy

Question 11

when is transcription complete?

Answer 11

when the mRNA is made

Question 12

how is mRNA read?

Answer 12

in 3 nucleotides at a time

Question 13

what is a codon?

Answer 13

3 nucleotides on the mRNA

Question 14

what does a codon code for

Answer 14

an Amino Acid

Question 15

what is the product of transcription

Answer 15

mRNA

Question 16

is DNA required for translation

Answer 16

no

Question 17

what is the name of the two binding sites on the ribosome

Answer 17

p-site and a-site

Question 18

what part of translation carries the codon

Answer 18

the mRNA

Question 19

what part of translation carries the anticodon

Answer 19

the tRNA

Question 20

what is the purpose of the tRNA

Answer 20

to carry the amino acids to the ribosome

Question 21

what is the name of the amino acid binding site on every tRNA

Answer 21

ACC

Question 22

what is the purpose of the amino acid binding site?

Answer 22

it tell what AA it carries

Question 23

what is the name of the site located at the bottom loop of the tRNA

Answer 23

the anticodon

Question 24

what is the purpose of the anticodon

Answer 24

it tells what AA the tRNA is carrying

Question 25

how many AA does bacteria make?

Answer 25

all 20

Question 26

how many AA does every cell need to carry

Answer 26

all 20

Question 27

how do humans get their AA

Answer 27

they consume it in their diet

Question 28

what are the 2 sections of the ribosome called

Answer 28

the large subunit and the small subunit

Question 29

where is the area that signals the start of translation and what is the codon called

Answer 29

the start codon is AUG and it signals the start of translation when it enters the P site

Question 30

when does the A site become available

Answer 30

when the P site is full

Question 31

if the start codon is AUG than what must the anticodon be

Answer 31

UAC

Question 32

what is the name of the 3 codons that will not have tRNA to attach to them

Answer 32

the stop codon

Question 33

what happens to the ribosome at the end of transcription

Answer 33

it breaks away into the 2 subunits

Question 34

what must be positioned at the P site to start transcription

Answer 34

AUG

Question 35

what is the amino acid that codes AUG

Answer 35

methionine

Question 36

can there be more than 1 codon to code for a certain AA

Answer 36

yes

Question 37

how many AA are found in nature

Answer 37

20

Question 38

what differentiates 1 tRNA from another

Answer 38

its anticodon

Question 39

how many different tRNA can exist in every cell in every organism

Answer 39

64 - the 3 stop codons= 61

Question 40

what is it called when multiple ribosomes are attached to 1 mRNA molecule in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes

Answer 40

polyribosomal complex

Question 41

name a difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes during transcription

Answer 41

1. eukaryotes must do translation than transcription prokaryotes can do it simultaneously 2. 1 mRNA codes for 1 protein in eukaryotes and multiple in prokaryotes 3. eukaryotes must get rid of the introns and prokaryotes don't have introns

Question 42

why cant a eukaryote do transcription and translation simultaneously like prokaryotes

Answer 42

because in eukaryotes the mRNA has to leave the nucleus and in bacteria both happens in the nucleoid region

Question 43

what is meant by the word expressed when talking about genes

Answer 43

it means that the gene is turned on to make the product

Question 44

what is meant by the word non-expressed when talking about genes

Answer 44

it means that the gene is turned off and no products are made

Question 45

what is the name of genes ( 60-80%) that are turned on all of the time

Answer 45

constitutive genes

Question 46

what is the name of genes ( 20-40%) that are turned on and off as needed

Answer 46

regulated genes

Question 47

what part of the gene codes for the repressor proteins

Answer 47

the regulator

Question 48

what part of the gene binds RNA polymerase 1

Answer 48

the promotor

Question 49

what part of the gene binds active repressor proteins

Answer 49

the operator

Question 50

what part of the gene codes for the protein

Answer 50

the structural gene

Question 51

what part of the gene signals the stop for transcription

Answer 51

the terminator

Question 52

what is the operon sequence

Answer 52

the unit consists of the a regulatory gene, repressor site, and structural site

Question 53

how many different codons code for methionine in the genetic code

Answer 53

only 1

Question 54

a particular AA can be coded for more than 1 AA is a back up system known as

Answer 54

redundancy

Question 55

what part of transcription codes for the AA

Answer 55

the mRNA

Question 56

what does the operon code for

Answer 56

protein and whether or not its made

Question 57

where do the repressor proteins attach when turned on

Answer 57

the operator site

Question 58

what does the active repressor proteins block from getting to the structural gene

Answer 58

RNA polymerase

Question 59

name the pathway that tells the operon what to do

Answer 59

promotor, structural gene than the terminator

Question 60

what happens when the active repressor protein binds to the operator site, preventing the RNA polymerase from getting to the structural gene

Answer 60

the gene is turned off and no mRNA is made

Question 61

name the type of operon that is normally off but must be turned on

Answer 61

induction

Question 62

are the active proteins, active or inactive in an induction operon

Answer 62

normally active

Question 63

name the type of operon that is normally on until its turned off

Answer 63

repression

Question 64

are the active proteins, active or inactive in a repression operon

Answer 64

normally inactive

Question 65

what type of reaction do induction genes produce

Answer 65

catabolic reactions

Question 66

what type of reaction do repression genes produce

Answer 66

anabolic reactions