microbiology quiz 3-24-15

Question 1

what is all chemical activity inside of an organism called

Answer 1

metabolism

Question 2

the reactions that are building reactions, small molecules building into larger molecules, which results in the formation of cell structures.

Answer 2

anabolism

Question 3

the reactions that are taking larger molecules and breaking them down to produce smaller molecules, usually with the release of energy

Answer 3

catabolism

Question 4

what type of reaction produces energy but needs water

Answer 4

hydrolysis reactions

Question 5

what type of reaction produces energy as its leaving the cell.

Answer 5

exergonic reactions

Question 6

what is a chemical that increases the rate f a chemical reaction, without becoming part of the products or being consumed in the reaction

Answer 6

catalysts

Question 7

what is the end product of catabolism

Answer 7

carbon dioxide and water

Question 8

the resistance to a reaction, which must be overcome for a reaction to proceed is measureable and is called

Answer 8

energy of activation

Question 9

name a method that can overcome the energy of activation

Answer 9

1. increasing the thermal energy( heating)
2. increasing the concentration of reactants to increase the rate of molecular collisions
3. adding a catalyst

Question 10

what is the specific molecule upon which an enzyme acts is known as the

Answer 10

substrate

Question 11

an enzyme that is a combination of an apoenzyme and a cofactor is called a

Answer 11

holoenzyme

Question 12

true of false

an enzyme is changed after the reaction

Answer 12

false

Question 13

true of false

an enzyme can be reused after each reaction

Answer 13

true

Question 14

an enzyme can be simple or conjucated. what is a conjucated enzyme also known as

Answer 14

holoenzyme

Question 15

what is the 3 dimensional protein part of the enzyme called

Answer 15

the apoenzyme

Question 16

what is the non protein part of the enzyme called

Answer 16

the cofactor

Question 17

true or false

the cofactor can be organic or inorganic

Answer 17

true

Question 18

name an inorganic cofactor

Answer 18

iron, copper, nickel, magnesium

Question 19

what is the name given to organic cofactors

Answer 19

coenzymes

Question 20

what is the biological catalyst that increases the rate of a chemical reaction by lowering the energy of activation

Answer 20

enzymes

Question 21

name an organic cofactor (coenzyme)

Answer 21

vitamins, b1, niacin, folic, biotin, b12, b6, vitamin C etc..

Question 22

the area where the cofactor attaches to the apoenzyme is called the

Answer 22

active site

Question 23

these enzymes are created in the cell then transported extracellularly where they break down large food molecules or harmful chemicals

Answer 23

exoenzymes

Question 24

these enzymes are retained in the cell and function inside it, most enzymes are this type

Answer 24

endoenzymes

Question 25

this type of enzyme is always producing the same amount regardless of the amount of substrate present

Answer 25

constitutive enzymes

Question 26

this type of enzyme is not constantly present, the production is turned on and turned off in response to changes in the substrate concentrations

Answer 26

regulated enzymes

Question 27

when enzymes are weakend and are unable to maintain their shape, they are sensitive to temperature, pH this is known as

Answer 27

denature

Question 28

if a similar shaped molecule competes with the substrate binds to the active site and prevents the E+S complex

Answer 28

competitive inhibition

Question 29

there is a chemical that binds to the enzyme, but not the active site and this inadvertently changes the shape of the active site

Answer 29

noncompetitive inhibition

Question 30

what is the site called that the chemical binds to that is not the active site

Answer 30

regulatory site

Question 31

name the metabolic pathway that has 10 reactions, and no oxygen is required, 1 glucose molecule and 2 ATP

Answer 31

Embden Meyerhof pathway

Question 32

name the metabolic pathway that glycogen is broken down, held together by strong covalent bonds, this represents stored energy, when the bond is broken energy is released

Answer 32

Carbohydrate Catabolism

Question 33

the energy molecules that is available to the cells

Answer 33

ATP - adenosine triphosphate