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Midterm | Blood Vessels Flashcards

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1
Q

Channels that carry blood throughout the body.

A

BLOOD VESSELS

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2
Q

Blood vessels are (1) shape but never in a (2) that starts and ends at the (3).

A
  1. tube-like
  2. straight line
  3. heart
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3
Q

Types of blood vessels:

A
  1. Arteries
  2. Arterioles
  3. Capillaries
  4. Venules
  5. Veins
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4
Q

Layers of blood vessel wall

A
  1. Tunica interna (intima)
  2. Tunica media
  3. Tunica externa (adventitia)
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5
Q

Epithelial inner lining of BV

A

TUNICA INTERNA (INTIMA)

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6
Q

Structure of BV that has direct contact with blood

A

TUNICA INTERNA (INTIMA)

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7
Q

Layers of the Tunica Interna (Intima)

A
  1. Endothelium
  2. Basement membrane
  3. Internal elastic lamina
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8
Q

Facilitates efficient blood flow by reducing friction

A

Endothelium

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9
Q

Provides a physical support base for the endothelial layer; provides resilience for stretching and recoil

A

Basement membrane

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10
Q

Facilitates diffusion of materials; looks like swiss cheese

A

Internal elastic lamina

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11
Q

TUNICA MEDIA is a (1) and (2)

A
  1. smooth muscle
  2. elastic connective tissue layer
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12
Q

Layers of Tunica Media

A
  1. Smooth muscle cells
  2. External elastic lamina
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13
Q

Regulates diameter of lumen by contracting (vaso constriction) and relaxing (vaso dilation)

A

Smooth muscle cells

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14
Q

Has the same function of internal elastic lamina: facilitates diffusion of materials; passageway of nutrients

A

External elastic lamina

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15
Q

Outer covering of blood vessels

A

TUNICA EXTERNA (ADVENTITIA)

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16
Q

TUNICA EXTERNA (ADVENTITIA) consists of

A
  1. Elastic and collagen fibers
  2. Numerous nerves
  3. Vasa vasorum
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17
Q

Small vessels that supply blood to the tissues of
the vessel

A

Vasa vasorum

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18
Q

Vasa vasorum means (1) and are easily seen on (2) such as (3)

A
  1. Vessels to the vessels
  2. Large vessels
  3. aorta
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19
Q

Functions of the Tunica Externa (Adventitia)

A
  1. Supply the vessel wall with nerves
  2. Supply the vessel wall with blood
  3. Helps anchor the vessels to surrounding tissues
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20
Q

Carries blood away from the heart

A

ARTERIES

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21
Q

Have high compliance

A

ARTERIES

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22
Q

What does “arteries have high compliance” mean?

A

Their walls easily stretch or expand without tearing in response to a small
increase in pressure

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23
Q

ARTERIES Types (+ other terms)

A

❑ Elastic arteries/ Conducting arteries
❑ Muscular arteries/ Distributing arteries

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24
Q

Largest arteries and examples

A

Elastic arteries
ex. Aorta, pulmonary trunk

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25
Elastic arteries contains ---
elastic fibers
26
They help propel blood onward while the ventricles are relaxing
Elastic arteries
27
Greater vasoconstriction and vasodilation
Muscular arteries
28
What do muscular arteries contain, and give example of muscular arteries?
Smooth muscle ex. Brachial arteries
29
Continue to branch and ultimately distribute blood to each of the various organs
Muscular (Distributing) arteries
30
Union of two or more blood vessels supplying the same body region.
ANASTOMOSIS
31
Alternative route of blood flow through an anastomosis
Collateral circulation
32
Arteries that do not anastomose
End arteries
33
Possible cause/s of anastomosis
Inborn or surgical anastomosis
34
Small arteries (microscopic)
ARTERIOLES
35
Regulate blood flow into the capillary
ARTERIOLES
36
Other term for ARTERIOLES
Resistance vessels
37
Terminal end of arteriole
Metarteriole
38
Metarteriole-capillary junction forms --- that monitors blood flow into capillary
precapillary sphincter
39
Smallest of blood vessels
CAPILLARIES/ EXCHANGE VESSELS
40
Composed only of single layer of endothelial cells and basement membrane
CAPILLARIES/ EXCHANGE VESSELS
41
What do capillaries lack?
Tunica media and tunica externa
42
Venule that receives blood from a capillary
postcapillary venule
43
The flow of blood from a metarteriole through capillaries and into a postcapillary venule
Microcirculation
44
Capillaries are found near almost every cell in the body, but their number varies with the --- of the tissue they serve
metabolic activity
45
Body tissues with high metabolic requirements
Muscles Brain Liver Kidney
46
Tissues with lower metabolic requirements
Tendons Ligaments
47
Tissues where capillaries are absent
Cornea and lens of the eye Cartilage
48
Different types of capillaries, and the gaps found in them
1. Continuous capillaries: Intercellular cleft 2. Fenestrated capillaries: Fenestrations 3. Sinusoid: Intecellular gap
49
Where continuous capillaries are found
CNS Lungs Muscle tissue Skin
50
Where fenestrated capillaries are found
Kidney Villi of SI Choroid plexus of brain Ciliary processes of eyes Most endocrine glands
51
Where sinusoids are found
Bone marrow Liver
52
Thin walls; do not maintain shape
VENULES
53
Function of venules
Return flow of blood back toward the heart from the capillary
54
Function as significant sites of exchange of nutrients and wastes and white blood cell emigration.
Postcapillary venules
55
Veins have very (1) walls and also contain (2)
1. thin 2. valves
56
What can be noted regarding veins when compared to arteries?
Larger lumen and are more numerous
57
Crosses the accompanying artery to form ladderlike rungs between the paired veins
Anastomotic vein
58
Superficial veins appear --- under the skin
blue
59
Microscopic (15–300 μm in diameter)
Arterioles
60
Microscopic; 5–10 μm in diameter
Capillaries
61
Microscopic (10–50 μm in diameter)
Postcapillary venules
62
Microscopic (50–200 μm in diameter)
Muscular venules
63
Range from 0.5 mm to 3 cm in diameter
Veins
64
Well-defined internal elastic lamina.
Elastic and Muscular arteries
65
Thick TM and dominated by elastic fibers; well-defined external elastic lamina.
Elastic arteries
66
Thick TM and dominated by smooth muscle; thin external elastic lamina.
Muscular arteries
67
TE thinner than TM
Elastic arteries
68
TE thicker than TM
Muscular arteries
69
Conduct blood from heart to muscular arteries
Elastic arteries
70
Distribute blood to arterioles
Muscular arteries
71
Deliver blood to capillaries and help regulate blood flow from arteries to capillaries
Arterioles
72
Permit exchange of nutrients and wastes between blood and interstitial fluid
Capillaries
73
Distribute blood to postcapillary venules
Capillaries
74
Pass blood into muscular venules
Postcapillary venules
75
Permit exchange of nutrients and wastes between blood and interstitial fluid and function in white blood cell emigration
Postcapillary venules
76
Pass blood into vein; act as reservoirs for accumulating large volumes of blood (along with postcapillary venules)
Muscular venules
77
Return blood to heart, facilitated by valves in limb veins
Veins

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