1. Palatine tonsils 2. Lingual t onsils 3. Adenoids/ Pharyngeal tonsils

Prelim | Mouth Flashcards by Eun Woo

Other term for the mouth

Buccal/ Oral Cavity

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The mouth is formed by:

Cheek
Lips/ Labia
Hard and Soft Palate
Tongue

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Compositions of the mouth

Oral vestibule
Oral cavity proper

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Forms the lateral walls of the oral cavity

Cheeks

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Location of the cheek

External: Skin

Middle: Buccinator muscle and connective tissue

Internal: Mucous membrane (nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium)

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Fleshy folds surrounding the opening of the mouth

Lips/ Labia

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External, middle, and internal composition of the lips

External: Skin
Middle: Orbicularis oris muscle
Internal: Mucous membrane

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Middline fold of mucous membrane that attaches each lip to the gums

Labial frenulum

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Forms the roof of the mouth

Soft and hard palate

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The palates are covered by what?

Mucous membrane

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Hard palate vs Soft palate

Hard palate
- Anterior portion
- Forms bony partition between oral and nasal cavities

Soft palate
- Posterior portion
- Arch-shaped muscularis pertition between nasopharynx and orophayrnx

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Cleft palate vs cleft lip

Cleft palate: Interior
Cleft lip: Exterior

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Conical muscular process

Uvula

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During swallowing, these moves superiorly, closing off the nasopharynx and preventing swallowed foods and liquids from entering the nasal cavity

Soft palate and uvula

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Lateral to the base of the uvula are two muscular folds that run down the lateral sides of the soft palate, namely:

Palatoglossal arch
Palatopharyngeal arch

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Palatoglossal arch vs Palatopharyngeal arch

Palatoglossal arch: Anterior, Palate to tongue

Palatopharyngeal arch: Posterior, Palate to pharynx

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Tonsils

Palatine tonsils
Lingual t onsils
Adenoids/ Pharyngeal tonsils

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What types of muscle is the tongue composed of?

Skeletal muscle

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Space between the two muscular folds of the mouth

Fauces

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Muscles of the tongue

Extrinsic muscle
Intrinsic muscle

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Function of the extrinsic muscles of the tongue

Move the tongue from side to side and in and out to maneuver food for chewing

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Function of the intrinsic muscles of the tongue

Alter the shape and size of the tongue for speech and swallowing

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Act of swallowing

Deglutition

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Where is the lingual frenulum located?

Between the tongue and floor of the mouth

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Condition where the lingual frenulum is abnormally short; said to be tongue-tied

Ankyloglossia

What do papillae contain?

- Taste buds (receptors for gustation/ taste) - Receptors for touch

Receptors for gustation

Taste buds

Increase friction between the tongue and food, making it easier for the tongue to move food in the oral cavity

Papillae

Five primary tastes that can be distinguished

Salty, sour, sweet, bitter, and umami

Forms of papillae

1. Filiform 2. Fungiform 3. Circumvallate 4. Foliate

Form an inverted V-shaped row at the back of the tongue. Each of these papillae houses 100–300 taste buds.

Circumvallate papillae

Mushroom-shaped elevations scattered over the entire surface of the tongue that contain about five taste buds each.

Fungiform papillae

Located in small trenches on the lateral margins of the tongue, but most of their taste buds degenerate in early childhood

Foliate papillae

The entire surface of the tongue has these papillae which are pointed, threadlike structures containing tactile receptors but no taste buds. They increase friction between the tongue and food, making it easier for the tongue to move food in the oral cavity

Filiform papillae

Other name for teeth

Dentes

Parts of the teeth

1. Crown 2. Neck 3. Root

The visible portion of the teeth above the level of the gums

Crown

Part of the teeth that are embedded in the socket

Roots

Shortest part of the tooth

Neck

Longest part of the tooth; contains nerves and blood vessels

Roots

Other term for the gums

Gingiva

Outer layer of gingiva

Periodontal ligament

The dentin of the crown is covered by ---, which consists primarily of calcium phosphate and calcium carbonate.

enamel

Bone that encloses each tooth

Alveolar bone

The branch of dentistry that is concerned with the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of diseases that affect the pulp, root, periodontal ligament, and alveolar bone

Endodontics

Branch of dentistry that is concerned with the prevention and correction of abnormally aligned teeth

Orthodontics

Branch of dentistry concerned with the treatment of abnormal conditions of the tissues immediately surrounding the teeth, such as gingivitis (gum disease)

Periodontics

Sets of teeth

Dentitions

Two dentitions

1. Deciduous teeth/ primary teeth/ milk teeth/ baby teeth 2. Permanent

Deciduous teeth begin to erupt at about (1) of age, and approximately two teeth appear each month thereafter, until all (2) are present

1. 6 months 2. 20 (10 sa baba, 10 sa taas)

All of the deciduous teeth are lost—generally between ages (1) and (2)—and are replaced by the (3) (secondary) teeth

1. 6 2. 12 years 3. permanent

Permanent dentition contains (1) teeth that erupt between age (2) and (3).

1. 32 2. 6 3. adulthood

Types of permanent dentitions, and how many are present

1. Incisors: 4pairs, 8 2. Canine (cuspids): 2 pairs, 4 3. Molars: 6 pairs, 12 (wisdom tooth included) 4. Premolars: 4 pairs, 8

Function of the incisors

Cuts the food

Function of the canines (cuspids)

Tearing and shredding food

Function of the molars

Crushing and grinding

Function of the premolars

Crushing and grinding

How many roots do permanents dentitions have?

Incisors and Canines: 1 root Maxillary molars: 3 roots Mandibular molars: 2 roots

Often the human jaw does not have enough room to accommodate the eruption of the third molars. The third molars remain embedded in the alveolar bone and are said to be ---. They often cause pressure and pain

impacted tooth

Salivary gland secretes mucous for:

1. moistening and cleansing mouth and teets 2. lubricates, dissolves, and begins the chemical breakdown of food

2 Groups of the salivary gland

1. Major salivary gland 2. Small salivary gland

Small salivary glands

1. Labial gland 2. Buccal gland 3. Palatal gland 4. Lingual gland

Major salicary glands

1. Parotid gland 2. Submandibular gland 3. Sublingual gland

Largest salivary gland

Parotid gland

When eating, saliva comes from ---

major salivary glands

How many saliva is produced per day?

1000-1500ml

The openings through which saliva enters the mouth

salivary ducts

Salivary ducts

1. Parotid (Stensen's) duct 2. Submandibular (Wharton's) duct 3. Sublingual (Bartholin's) duct

Parotid (stensen's) duct secretes ---of saliva

10-30%

Fluid released by parotid (stensen's) duct

serous liquid (amylase)

This duct is located infero-anteriorly to the ears between skin and masseter muscle

parotid (stensen's) duct

Submandibular (Wharton's) duct secretes --- of saliva

70%

Fluid released by submandibular duct (wharton's)

Serous and thickened mucous

This duct is located medially and partly inferior to the body of the mandible

Submandibular (wharton's) duct

Sublingual duct (bartholin's/ rivinus duct) secretes --- of saliva

Fluid released by sublingual duct (bartholin's/ rivinus duct)

small amount of serous and mucous

This duct is located beneath the tongue, superior to smg (submandibular gland)

sublingual duct (bartholin's/ rivinus duct)S

Composition of saliva

95% water 5% solutes Less than 1% gases and organic substances

Solutes in the saliva

Phosphate Sodium Potassium Chloride Bicarboanre

Gases and organic substances in the saliva

Urea and uric acid Mucus Immunoglobulin A Lysozyme Salivary Amylase

Act of chewing

Mastication

Food that has been chewed and mixed in the mouth with saliva

Bolus

Prelim | Mouth Flashcards

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