Prelim | Liver, Gallbladder, & Biliary Tree

Question 1

Heaviest gland

Answer 1

Liver

Question 2

Weight of the liver

Answer 2

1.4 kg

Question 3

Second largest organ

Answer 3

Liver

Question 4

Location of the liver

Answer 4

Inferior to the diaphragm

Question 5

2 lobes of the liver

Answer 5

Right lobe (larger)
Left lobe

Question 6

Left lobe of the liver consists of

Answer 6

quadrate lobe
caudate lobe

Question 7

Separates right lobe and left lobe of the liver

Answer 7

Falciform Ligament

Question 8

Quadrate vs caudate lobe

Answer 8

Quadrate: Inferior
Caudate: Posterior

Question 9

Ligament that divides the right lobe of liver from the diaphragm

Answer 9

Coronary ligament

Question 10

Ligament that divides the left lobe of liver from the diaphragm

Answer 10

Left triangular ligament

Question 11

Ligament that is the remnant of your umbilicus (umbilical cord)

Answer 11

ligamentum teres hepatis (round ligament)

Question 12

Components of the liver

Answer 12

1. Hepatocytes
   
   • Hepatic laminae
2. Bile canaliculi
3. Hepatic sinusoids
   
   • Stellate reticuloendothelial (Kupffer) cells

Question 13

Functional cell of the liver

Answer 13

Hepatocytes

Question 14

How much of the liver’s volume do the hepatocytes comprise?

Answer 14

80%

Question 15

Hepatocytes are — sided cells in the liver

Answer 15

5-12

Question 16

Plate of hepatocytes; group of hepatocytes

Answer 16

Hepatic laminae

Question 17

Major function of hepatocytes

Answer 17

Produces bile (helps for chemical digestion)

Question 18

Blood capillaries where blood flows for the liver to absorb oxygen

Answer 18

Hepatic sinusoids

Question 19

Destroy worn-out white and red blood cells

Answer 19

Stellate reticuloendothelial cells/ Kupffer cells

Question 20

Hepatic sinusoids converge and deliver blood into a —

Answer 20

central vein

Question 21

PORTAL of TRIAD consists of

Answer 21

• Bile duct
• Hepatic artery
• Hepatic vein

Question 22

Hepatic vein vs hepatic artery

Answer 22

Hepatic artery: Red (Oxygenated blood)
Hepatic vein: Blue (Deoxygenated blood)

*Bile duct: doesn’t have a color

Question 23

ANATOMICAL and FUNCTIONAL units of the liver

Answer 23

1. Hepatic lobule
2. Portal lobule
3. Hepatic acinus

Question 24

Functional unit of the liver

Answer 24

Hepatic lobule

Question 25

Shapes of the liver's anatomical and functional units

Answer 25

1. Hepatic lobule: Hexagon 2. Portal lobule: Triangle 3. Hepatic acinus: Oval

Question 26

Unit of the liver that has an exocrine function (secretes bile)

Answer 26

Portal lobule

Question 27

Most preferred functional and structural unit of the liver

Answer 27

Hepatic acinus

Question 28

Cells in zone 1 of the liver (closest to the branches of the portal triad)

Answer 28

- First to receive oxygen, nutrients, and toxins - First to take up glucose - Last one to die and first to regenerate

Question 29

Cells in the zone 2 of the liver

Answer 29

Intermediate

Question 30

Cells in zone 3 of the liver (farthest from the branches of the portal triad)

Answer 30

- Last to show obstruction or exposure to toxins - First to show evidence of fat accumulation

Question 31

BLOOD SUPPLY of the liver

Answer 31

Hepatic artery (O) and hepatic portal vein (D) --> Hepatic sinusoids --> Central vein --> Hepatic vein --> Inferior vena cava --> Right atrium of heart HHCHIR

Question 32

Oxygenated blood supplies oxygen through hepatic artery; deoxygenated blood supplies --- to the liver through hepatic vein

Answer 32

nutrients

Question 33

Shape of the gallbladder

Answer 33

Pear

Question 34

Location of the gallbladder

Answer 34

Posterior to the liver

Question 35

Measurement of the gallbladder

Answer 35

7-10cm (3-4") long

Question 36

Parts of the gallbladder

Answer 36

- fundus - body - neck

Question 37

Where is the neck of the gallbladder connected to?

Answer 37

Cystic duct

Question 38

Function of the gallbladder

Answer 38

Store and concentrate bile (until it is needed by the duodenum)

Question 39

In the gallbladder, this is absorbed to make concentrated bile

Answer 39

water (and ions)

Question 40

Layers of the gallbladder

Answer 40

1. Mucosa 2. Muscularis 3. Perimuscularis 4. Serosa

Question 41

The (1) of the gallbladder consists of (2) arranged in rugae resembling those of the stomach.

Answer 41

1. mucosa 2. simple columnar epithelium

Question 42

What layer does the wall of the gallbladder lack?

Answer 42

Submucosa

Question 43

BILIARY TREE consists of

Answer 43

1. R & L hepatic duct 2. Common hepatic duct 3. Cystic duct 4. Common bile duct 5. Pancreatic duct 6. Ampulla of Vater

Question 44

Storage of bile from the liver to gallbladder

Answer 44

1. Hepatocyte 2. Bile canaliculi 3. Bile ductules 4. Bile ducts 5. R & L Hepatic ducts 6. Common hepatic duct 7. Cystic duct 8. Gallbladder HBBBHCCG

Question 45

Release of bile from the gallbladder to SI

Answer 45

1. Gallbladder 2. Cystic duct 3. Common bile duct 4. Pancreatic duct 5. Ampullar of Vater 6. Sphincter of Oddi 7. Duodenum GCC PASD

Question 46

Process of breaking down large lipid to small lipid (fats)

Answer 46

Emulsification

Question 47

Done so that pancreatic lipase may digest fat

Answer 47

Emulsification

Question 48

Function of the bile salts

Answer 48

Emulsification and absorption of lipids

Question 49

How much bile is secreted per day?

Answer 49

800-1000 ml

Question 50

Color of bile

Answer 50

Yellow, brownish, or olive-green

Question 51

pH of bile

Answer 51

7.6-8.6

Question 52

Components of bile

Answer 52

1. Water 2. Bile salts 3. Cholesterol 4. Phospholipid (lecithin) 5. Bile pigments 6. Several ions BB ChoPho Se Water

Question 53

FUNCTION OF LIVER, GALLBLADDER, AND BILIARY TREE

Answer 53

1. carbohydrate metabolism 2. lipid metabolism 3. protein metabolism 4. processing of drugs and hormones 5. excretion of bilirubin 6. synthesis of bile ducts 7. storage 8. phagocytosis 9. activation of vitamin D MAPS SEP