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Prelim | Digestive System Flashcards

(59 cards)

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1
Q

Main functions of the digestive system

A
  1. Ingestion
  2. Secretion
  3. Mixing and propulsion
  4. Digestion
  5. Absorption
  6. Defacation
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2
Q

Process of taking food, drink, or another substance into the body

A

Ingestion

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3
Q

Each day, cells within the walls of the GI tract and accessory digestive organs secrete a total of about —

A

7 liters

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4
Q

Alternating contractions and relaxations of smooth muscle to move food toward the anus

A

Propulsion

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5
Q

Another term for “churning”

A

Mixing

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6
Q

Process of breaking down ingested food into small molecules that can be used by body cells

A

Digestion

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7
Q

2 types of digestion

A

Chemical and Mechanical DIgestion

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8
Q

Eliminated material

A

Feces/ stool

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9
Q

Divisions/ Groups of the Digestive System

A

GI Tract/ Alimentary Canal
Accessory Digestive Organs

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10
Q

Composition of Alimentary Canal

A

Mouth
Pharynx
Esophagus
Stomach
Small intestines
Large intestines
Rectum

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11
Q

Composition of Accessory Digestive Organs

A

Teeth
Tongue
Salivary glands
Liver
Gallbladder
Pancreas

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12
Q

“Alimentary” meaning

A

Nourishment

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13
Q

Layers of the GI Tract

A
  1. Mucosa
    a. Epithelium
    b. Lamina Propria
    c. Muscularis Mucosae
  2. Submucosa
  3. Muscularis
  4. Serosa
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14
Q

Inner lining of the GI tract

A

Mucosa

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15
Q

Layer of the GI tract closest to the lumen

A

Mucosa

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16
Q

Outermost layer of the GI tract

A

Serosa

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17
Q

Epithelium found in the MOUTH, PHARYNX, ESOPHAGUS, and ANAL CANAL and its function

A

Non keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

Protection

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18
Q

Epithelium found in the STOMACH and INTESTINES, and its function

A

Simple columnar epithelium

Secretion and absorption; restricts leakage between cells

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19
Q

The epithelium in the mucosa has these cells

A

EXOCRINE and ENDOCRINE cells

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20
Q

Exocrine vs Endocrine cells in terms of what they secrete

A

Exocrine cells: Mucus and fluid
Endocrine cells: Hormones

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21
Q

Several types of endocrine cells are collectively called —

A

Enteroendocrine cells

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22
Q

Functions in modulation of food intake and regulation of the release of insulin

A

Hormones

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23
Q

Hormones produced by the endocrine cells

A
  1. Cholecystokinin (CCK)
  2. Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP1)
  3. Gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP)
  4. Somatostatin
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24
Q

Areolar connective tissue containing many blood and lymphatic vessels, which are the routes by which nutrients absorbed into the GI tract

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A

Lamina Propria

25
Lamina Propria contains the majority of the cells of the ---
Mucosa-associated lymphatic tissue (MALT)
26
Where is MALT present?
GI tract, especially in the tonsils small intestine appendix large intestine
27
These prominent lymphatic nodules contain immune system cells that protect against disease
Mucosa-associated lymphatic tissue (MALT)
28
A thin layer of smooth muscle fibers that throws the mucous membrane of the stomach and small intestine into many small folds, which increase the surface area for digestion and absorption
Muscularis mucosae
29
Movements of the --- ensure that all absorptive cells are fully exposed to the contents of the GI tract; all nutrients are fully absorbed by the body
muscularis mucosae
30
Submucosa consists of (1) that binds the (2) to the (3)
1. areolar connective tissue 2. mucosa 3. muscularis
31
It contains many blood and lymphatic vessels that receive absorbed food molecules
Submucosa
32
Extensive network of neurons
Submucosal plexus/ Meissner plexus
33
Cells of the nervous system
Neurons
34
Submucosa may also contain (1) and (2)
1. glands 2. lymphatic tissue
35
The muscularis consists of smooth muscle that is found in what two sheets?
a. Inner sheet of circular fibers b. Outer sheet of longitudinal fibers
36
The muscularis consists of skeletal muscles on what areas?
a. Mouth, pharynx, superior and middle parts of esophagus b. External anal sphincter
37
Located between the layers of the muscularis
Myenteric plexus/ Auerbach plexus
38
Serosa is a serous membrane composed of (1) and (2) that are suspended in the (3) cavity
1. areolar connective tissue 2. simple squamous epithelium 3. abdominal
39
The serosa is also called the (1)because it forms a portion of the (2)
1. visceral peritoneum 2. peritoneum
40
This organ lacks a serosa
Esophagus (contains adventitia)
41
Divisions of the peritoneum
1. Parietal peritoneum * Peritoneal cavity 2. Visceral peritoneum
42
Lines the wall of the abdominal cavity
Parietal peritoneum
43
Cover some of the organs/serosa
Visceral peritoneum
44
Slim space between parietal and visceral peritoneum; contains lubricating serous fluid
Peritoneal cavity
45
A condition wherein the peritoneal cavity becomes swollen by the accumulation of several liters of fluid; fluid collects in spaces within your abdomen
Ascites
46
Condition in which blood collects in your pleural space
Hemothorax
47
Occurs when air leaks into the space between your lung and chest wall
Pneumothorax
48
A collection of pus in the cavity between the lung and the membrane that surrounds it
Empyema
49
An acute inflammation of the peritoneum
Peritonitis
50
Peritoneal folds
1. Greater omentum 2. Falciform ligament 3. Lesser omentum 4. Mesentery 5. Mesocolon
51
Largest peritoneal folds
Greater omentum
52
Like "fatty apron"
Greater omentum
53
Greater omentum contains (1) and (2)
1. adipose tissues 2. lymph nodes
54
Four attachments of the greater omentum
1. Stomach 2. Duodenum 3. Small intestine 4. Transverse colon
55
Attaches the liver to the anterior abdominal wall and diaphragm
Falciform Ligament
56
Anterior fold in the serosa of the stomach and duodenum, and it connects the stomach and duodenum to the liver
Lesser omentum
57
Fan-shaped fold that binds the jejunum and ileum of the small intestine to the posterior abdominal wall
Mesentery
58
Two separate folds that bind the transverse colon and sigmoid colon of the large intestine to the posterior abdominal wall
Mesocolon
59
A process that occurs when food is forced back into the body of the stomach because most food particles in the stomach initially are too large to fit through the narrow pyloric sphincter
Retropulsion

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