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0858 RAD TECH 122 > Finals | Nervous System > Flashcards

Finals | Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

NERVOUS SYSTEM Main Functions

A
  1. Sensory function: detection of internal or external stimuli
  2. Integrative function: Process sensory information
  3. Motor function: Elicit an appropriate response
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2
Q

NERVOUS SYSTEM Divisions

A

CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
1. Brain
2. Spinal cord

PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
1. Nerves
2. Ganglia
3. Enteric plexus
4. Sensory receptors

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3
Q

PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM IS DIVIDED INTO

A

Somatic Nervous System
Autonomic Nervous System

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4
Q

Somatic Nervous System function

A
  1. Allows you to move and control your muscles; Controls voluntary movements
  2. Feeds information from 4 of your senses: smell, sound, taste, touch
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5
Q

Autonomic Nervous System function

A
  1. Controls the unconscious process; involuntary movement (ex. heartbeat, digestion)
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6
Q

AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM CAN BE CLASSIFIED INTO

A

Sympathetic NS
Parasympathetic NS
Enteric NS

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7
Q

Sympathetic NS function

A
  1. Fight or flight response
  2. Controls strenuous bodily functions
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8
Q

Parasympathetic NS function

A
  1. Rest or digest response
  2. Controls basic bodily functions
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9
Q

Enteric NS function

A

The “brain of the gut,” is involuntary; controls digestion of food

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10
Q

AKA Nerve cells

A

NEURONS

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11
Q

Neurons vs nerve

A

Neurons: Nerve cells
Nerve: Collection of neurons

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12
Q

NEURONS Function

A

Functional unit of nervous system;
Posses electrical excitability

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13
Q

Ability to respond to stimulus and convert in into an action potential.

A

Electrical excitability

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14
Q

change in the environment

A

Stimulus

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15
Q

Electrical signal that propagates along the surface of the membrane of a neuron

A

Action potential

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16
Q

Other term for Action potential

A

Nerve impulse

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17
Q

PARTS OF A NEURON

A
  1. Cell body
  2. Dendrites
  3. Axon
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18
Q

Other term for cell body

A

Perikaryon or Soma

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19
Q

Cell body contains (1) which is surrounded by (2)

A
  1. nucleus
  2. cytoplasm
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20
Q

Cytoplasm of cell body contains

A

Organelles such as:
1. Lysosomes
2. Mitochondria
3. Golgi complex

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21
Q

cluster of rough endoplasmic reticulum

A

NISSL BODIES

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22
Q

ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM produces (1) to (2)

A
  1. protein
  2. replace cellular components
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23
Q

2 cytoskeletons in the cell body

A

NEUROFIBRIL
MICROTUBULES

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24
Q

NEUROFIBRIL function

A

provide cell shape and size

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25
Q

assists in moving materials between cell body and axon

A

MICROTUBULES

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26
Q

receiving or input portion of neuron

A

DENDRITES

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27
Q

forms a tree shape; the dendrite contains

A
  1. Mitochondria
  2. Nissl bodies
  3. other organelles
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28
Q

Long, thin, cylindrical projection from the cell body

A

AXON

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29
Q

AXON Function

A

Propagates the nerve impulses towards another neuron, muscle fiber, or a gland cell

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30
Q

Cone shape that attaches the axon and cell body

A

axon hillock

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31
Q

first part of the axon

A

initial segment

32
Q

area where nerve impulses arise at the junction of the axon hillock and initial segment

A

trigger zone

33
Q

branch of an axon, possibly makes another axon impulses

A

axon collateral

34
Q

An axon contains (1), (2), and (3). Because (4) is not present, (5) does not occur in the axon.

A
  1. mitochondria
  2. microtubules
  3. neurofibrils
  4. Rough ER
  5. protein synthesis
35
Q

The cytoplasm of an axon is specifically called

A

axoplasm

36
Q

plasma membrane surrounding the axoplasm

A

axolemma

37
Q

end of axon

A

axon terminal

38
Q

axon terminal

A

synaptic bulb

39
Q

located at the end of the axon terminal

A

synaptic bulb

40
Q

releases neurotransmitters

A

synaptic bulb

41
Q

membrane enclosed sacs that contains neurotransmitter (contains signals that are sent

A

synaptic vesicles

42
Q

has a similar function with the synaptic bulb

A

varicosities

43
Q

process of cellular transmission from neuron to muscle, neuron, or gland cell is called

A

synapse movement

44
Q

slow axon transport

A

signal —> dendrites —> body —> axon —> another neuron, muscle fiber (muscle), or gland cell (secretion)

45
Q

in this type of axon transport, signal transmission can be towards or away from the cell body

A

fast axon transport

46
Q

STRUCTURAL CLASSIFICATION OF NEURONS

A
  1. Multipolar neuron
  2. Bipolar neuron
  3. Unipolar neuron/ Psuedounipolar neuron
47
Q

Contains several dendrites and one axon

A

multipolar neuron

48
Q

multipolar neuron is commonly found in the:

A
  1. Brain
  2. Spinal cord
  3. Motor neurons
49
Q

contains one dendrite and one axon

A

bipolar neuron

50
Q

Bipolar neurons can be found in the:

A
  1. Retina of the eye
  2. Inner ear
  3. Olfactory area of the brain
51
Q

dendrite and axon are fused together to form a continuous process

A

unipolar neuron (psuedounipolar neuron)

52
Q

unipolar neuron (psuedounipolar neuron) is commonly found in the:

A
  1. ganglia of spinal and cranial nerves
53
Q

FUNCTIONAL CLASSIFICATION OF NEURONS

A
  1. INTERNEURON (MULTIPOLAR)
  2. MOTOR NEURON (MULTIPOLAR)
  3. SENSORY NEURON (UNIPOLAR)
54
Q

functional classification of neuron that receives senses; sensory function

A

sensory or afferent neuron (unipolar)

55
Q

receptors of the sensory neuron

A
  1. merkel disk
  2. pacinian corpuscle
  3. nociceptors
  4. thermal receptors
  5. itch receptors
  6. tickle receptors
56
Q

touch receptors

A

meissner corpuscle
merkel disk

57
Q

pressure receptor

A

pacinian corpuscle

58
Q

pain receptor

A

nociceptor

59
Q

temperature receptor

A

thermal receptor

60
Q

functional classification of neuron that provides action; motor function

A

motor neuron

61
Q

functional classification of neuron that processes information; integrative function

A

interneuron (association neuron)

62
Q

OTHER CLASSIFICATIONS OF NEURONS (CAN ONLY BE SEEN IN THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM)

A

purkinje cell
pyramidal cell

63
Q

makes up half volume of the CNS

A

NEUROGLIA

64
Q

NEUROGLIA function

A

Hold nervous tissue together

65
Q

NEUROGLIA are smaller than (1); (2) times more numerous

A
  1. neurons
  2. 5-25
66
Q

NEUROGLIA comes from the term

A

“glue”

67
Q

NEUROGLIA found in the PNS

A
  1. Schwann cells
  2. Satellite cells
68
Q

NEUROGLIA found in the CNS

A
  1. Astrocytes
  2. Oligodendrocytes
  3. Microglia
  4. Ependymal cells
69
Q

(1) cells encircle PNS axons. Like (1), they form the myelin sheath around axons

A
  1. Schwann
  2. oligodendrocytes
70
Q

These flat cells surround the cell bodies of neurons of PNS ganglia

A

Satellite cells

71
Q

Maintain blood brain barrier -controlling the levels of neurotransmitter around synapses, -regulate ion, and providing metabolic support.

A

Astrocytes

72
Q

Line spinal cord & ventricles of the brain. -involved in producing cerebrospin al fluid (CSF).

A

Ependymal cells

73
Q

Myelinate CNS axons, provide structural framework

A

Oligodendrocytes

74
Q

Brain’s immune cells -Remove dead cells and pathogens by phagocytosis

A

Microglia

75
Q

Surround neuron cell bodies in ganglia. Regulate neurotrans mitter levels

A

Satellite cells

76
Q

Myelinate neurons in PNS. maintenance and regeneration of neurons after injury

A

Schwann cells

0858 RAD TECH 122 (23 decks)

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