1. Cell body 2. Dendrites 3. Axon

Finals | Nervous System Flashcards by Eun Woo

NERVOUS SYSTEM Main Functions

Sensory function: detection of internal or external stimuli
Integrative function: Process sensory information
Motor function: Elicit an appropriate response

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NERVOUS SYSTEM Divisions

CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
1. Brain
2. Spinal cord

PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
1. Nerves
2. Ganglia
3. Enteric plexus
4. Sensory receptors

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PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM IS DIVIDED INTO

Somatic Nervous System
Autonomic Nervous System

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Somatic Nervous System function

Allows you to move and control your muscles; Controls voluntary movements
Feeds information from 4 of your senses: smell, sound, taste, touch

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Autonomic Nervous System function

Controls the unconscious process; involuntary movement (ex. heartbeat, digestion)

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AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM CAN BE CLASSIFIED INTO

Sympathetic NS
Parasympathetic NS
Enteric NS

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Sympathetic NS function

Fight or flight response
Controls strenuous bodily functions

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Parasympathetic NS function

Rest or digest response
Controls basic bodily functions

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Enteric NS function

The “brain of the gut,” is involuntary; controls digestion of food

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AKA Nerve cells

NEURONS

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Neurons vs nerve

Neurons: Nerve cells
Nerve: Collection of neurons

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NEURONS Function

Functional unit of nervous system;
Posses electrical excitability

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Ability to respond to stimulus and convert in into an action potential.

Electrical excitability

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change in the environment

Stimulus

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Electrical signal that propagates along the surface of the membrane of a neuron

Action potential

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Other term for Action potential

Nerve impulse

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PARTS OF A NEURON

Cell body
Dendrites
Axon

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Other term for cell body

Perikaryon or Soma

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Cell body contains (1) which is surrounded by (2)

nucleus
cytoplasm

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Cytoplasm of cell body contains

Organelles such as:
1. Lysosomes
2. Mitochondria
3. Golgi complex

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cluster of rough endoplasmic reticulum

NISSL BODIES

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ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM produces (1) to (2)

protein
replace cellular components

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2 cytoskeletons in the cell body

NEUROFIBRIL
MICROTUBULES

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NEUROFIBRIL function

provide cell shape and size

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assists in moving materials between cell body and axon

MICROTUBULES

receiving or input portion of neuron

DENDRITES

forms a tree shape; the dendrite contains

1. Mitochondria 2. Nissl bodies 3. other organelles

Long, thin, cylindrical projection from the cell body

AXON

AXON Function

Propagates the nerve impulses towards another neuron, muscle fiber, or a gland cell

Cone shape that attaches the axon and cell body

axon hillock

first part of the axon

initial segment

area where nerve impulses arise at the junction of the axon hillock and initial segment

trigger zone

branch of an axon, possibly makes another axon impulses

axon collateral

An axon contains (1), (2), and (3). Because (4) is not present, (5) does not occur in the axon.

1. mitochondria 2. microtubules 3. neurofibrils 4. Rough ER 5. protein synthesis

The cytoplasm of an axon is specifically called

axoplasm

plasma membrane surrounding the axoplasm

axolemma

end of axon

axon terminal

synaptic bulb

located at the end of the axon terminal

synaptic bulb

releases neurotransmitters

synaptic bulb

membrane enclosed sacs that contains neurotransmitter (contains signals that are sent

synaptic vesicles

has a similar function with the synaptic bulb

varicosities

process of cellular transmission from neuron to muscle, neuron, or gland cell is called

synapse movement

slow axon transport

signal —> dendrites —> body —> axon —> another neuron, muscle fiber (muscle), or gland cell (secretion)

in this type of axon transport, signal transmission can be towards or away from the cell body

fast axon transport

STRUCTURAL CLASSIFICATION OF NEURONS

1. Multipolar neuron 2. Bipolar neuron 3. Unipolar neuron/ Psuedounipolar neuron

Contains several dendrites and one axon

multipolar neuron

multipolar neuron is commonly found in the:

1. Brain 2. Spinal cord 3. Motor neurons

contains one dendrite and one axon

bipolar neuron

Bipolar neurons can be found in the:

1. Retina of the eye 2. Inner ear 3. Olfactory area of the brain

dendrite and axon are fused together to form a continuous process

unipolar neuron (psuedounipolar neuron)

unipolar neuron (psuedounipolar neuron) is commonly found in the:

1. ganglia of spinal and cranial nerves

FUNCTIONAL CLASSIFICATION OF NEURONS

1. INTERNEURON (MULTIPOLAR) 2. MOTOR NEURON (MULTIPOLAR) 3. SENSORY NEURON (UNIPOLAR)

functional classification of neuron that receives senses; sensory function

sensory or afferent neuron (unipolar)

receptors of the sensory neuron

1. merkel disk 2. pacinian corpuscle 3. nociceptors 4. thermal receptors 5. itch receptors 6. tickle receptors

touch receptors

meissner corpuscle merkel disk

pressure receptor

pacinian corpuscle

pain receptor

nociceptor

temperature receptor

thermal receptor

functional classification of neuron that provides action; motor function

motor neuron

functional classification of neuron that processes information; integrative function

interneuron (association neuron)

OTHER CLASSIFICATIONS OF NEURONS (CAN ONLY BE SEEN IN THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM)

purkinje cell pyramidal cell

makes up half volume of the CNS

NEUROGLIA

NEUROGLIA function

Hold nervous tissue together

NEUROGLIA are smaller than (1); (2) times more numerous

1. neurons 2. 5-25

NEUROGLIA comes from the term

"glue"

NEUROGLIA found in the PNS

1. Schwann cells 2. Satellite cells

NEUROGLIA found in the CNS

1. Astrocytes 2. Oligodendrocytes 3. Microglia 4. Ependymal cells

(1) cells encircle PNS axons. Like (1), they form the myelin sheath around axons

1. Schwann 2. oligodendrocytes

These flat cells surround the cell bodies of neurons of PNS ganglia

Satellite cells

Maintain blood brain barrier -controlling the levels of neurotransmitter around synapses, -regulate ion, and providing metabolic support.

Astrocytes

Line spinal cord & ventricles of the brain. -involved in producing cerebrospin al fluid (CSF).

Ependymal cells

Myelinate CNS axons, provide structural framework

Oligodendrocytes

Brain's immune cells -Remove dead cells and pathogens by phagocytosis

Microglia

Surround neuron cell bodies in ganglia. Regulate neurotrans mitter levels

Satellite cells

Myelinate neurons in PNS. maintenance and regeneration of neurons after injury

Schwann cells

Finals | Nervous System Flashcards

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