Prelim | Pharynx & Esophagus Flashcards

1
Q

The pharynx is a (1)- shaped tube that extends from the (2) to the (3) posteriorly and to the (4) anteriorly

A
  1. funnel
  2. internal nares
  3. esophagus
  4. larynx
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2
Q

Divisions of the pharynx

A
  1. Nasopharynx
  2. Oropharynx
  3. Larngopharynx
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3
Q

The esophagus is a (1) muscular tube, about (2) long, that lies posterior to the (3).

A
  1. collapsible
  2. 25 cm (12 in.)
  3. trachea
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4
Q

2 sphincters of the esophagus

A
  1. Upper esophageal sphincter
  2. Lower esophageal sphincter
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5
Q

Upper vs lower esophageal sphincter

A

Upper: towards the esophagus
Lower: towards the stomach

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6
Q

Phases of deglutition

A
  1. Voluntary stage
  2. Pharyngeal stage
  3. Esophageal stage
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7
Q

Bolus is forced to the back of the oral cavity and into the oropharynx by the movement of the tongue upward and backward against the palate

A

Voluntary stage (deglutition)

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8
Q

During pharyngeal stage, the bolus stimulates (1) in the oropharynx, which send impulses to the (2).

The bolus moves through the (3) and the (4), and into the (5).

A
  1. receptors
  2. deglutition center
  3. oropharynx
  4. laryngopharynx
  5. upper esophageal sphinter
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9
Q

When does esophageal stage of swallowing start?

A

Once bolus enters the esophagus

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10
Q

Progression of coordinated contractions and relaxations of the circular and longitudinal layers of the muscularis

A

Peristalsis

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11
Q

Stage of swallowing when peristalsis occurs

A

Esophageal stage

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12
Q

How long it takes before liquids reach the stomach

A

1s

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13
Q

How long it takes before foods reach the stomach

A

4-8s

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14
Q

What fails to close after food has entered the somach, causing food to reflux into the inferior portion of the esophagus?

A

lower esophageal sphincter

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15
Q

Condition where the lower esophageal sphincter fails to close adequately after food has entered the stomach causing its contents to reflux into the inferior portion of the esophagus.

A

gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)

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16
Q

Codition caused by malfunction of the myenteric plexus in which the lower esophageal sphincter fails to relax normally as food approaches. A whole meal may become lodged in the esophagus and enter the stomach very slowly. Distension of the esophagus results in chest pain that is often confused with pain originating from the heart

A

Achalasia